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In this paper we introduce a new approach to the study of the effects that an impulsive wave, containing a mixture of material sources and gravitational waves, has on a geodesic congruence that traverses it. We find that the effect of the wave on the congruence is a discontinuity in the B-tensor of the congruence. Our results thus provide a detector independent and covariant characterization of gravitational memory.
Cataclysmic astrophysical phenomena can produce impulsive gravitational waves that can possibly be detected by the advanc
It is shown that there is a universal gravitational memory effect measurable by inertial detectors in even spacetime dimensions $dgeq 4$. The effect falls off at large radius $r$ as $r^{3-d}$. Moreover this memory effect sits at one corner of an infr
For the purpose of analyzing observed phenomena, it has been convenient, and thus far sufficient, to regard gravity as subject to the deterministic principles of classical physics, with the gravitational field obeying Newtons law or Einsteins equatio
We investigate the memory effects associated with the kicks of particles. Recently, the equivalence between the memory effect and soft theorem has been established. By computing the memory effect from the radiation solutions, we explicitly confirm th
The existence of an electromagnectic field with parallel electric and magnetic components is readdressed in the presence of a gravitational field. A non-parallel solution is shown to exist. Next, we analyse the possibility of finding stationary gravi