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Higher-order modes up to LP$_{33}$ are controllably excited in water-filled kagom{e}- and bandgap-style hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCF). A spatial light modulator is used to create amplitude and phase distributions that closely match those of the fiber modes, resulting in typical launch efficiencies of 10-20% into the liquid-filled core. Modes, excited across the visible wavelength range, closely resemble those observed in air-filled kagom{e} HC-PCF and match numerical simulations. Mode indices are obtained by launching plane-waves at specific angles onto the fiber input-face and comparing the resulting intensity pattern to that of a particular mode. These results provide a framework for spatially-resolved sensing in HC-PCF microreactors and fiber-based optical manipulation.
Optimum suppression of higher order modes in single-ring hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (SR-PCFs) occurs when the capillary-to-core diameter ratio d/D = 0.68. Here we report that, in SR-PCFs with sub-optimal values of d/D, higher-order mode supp
We demonstrate experimentally and theoretically that a nanoscale hollow channel placed centrally in the solid glass core of a photonic crystal fiber strongly enhances the cylindrical birefringence (the modal index difference between radially and azim
We report on the higher-order photon correlations of a high-$beta$ nanolaser under pulsed excitation at room temperature. Using a multiplexed four-element superconducting single photon detector we measured g$^{(n)}(vec{0})$ with $n$=2,3,4. All orders
This article offers an extensive survey of results obtained using hybrid photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) which constitute one of the most active research fields in contemporary fiber optics. The ability to integrate novel and functional materials in s
The unique ring-shaped intensity patterns and helical phase fronts of optical vortices make them useful in many applications. Here we report for the first time efficient Raman frequency conversion between vortex modes in twisted hydrogen-filled singl