اشترك بالحزمة الذهبية واحصل على وصول غير محدود شمرا أكاديميا
تسجيل مستخدم جديدMass, radius, and composition of the transiting planet 55 Cnc e : using interferometry and correlations
109
0
0.0
(
0
)
اسأل ChatGPT حول البحث
ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
The characterization of exoplanets relies on that of their host star. However, stellar evolution models cannot always be used to derive the mass and radius of individual stars, because many stellar internal parameters are poorly constrained. Here, we use the probability density functions (PDFs) of directly measured parameters to derive the joint PDF of the stellar and planetary mass and radius. Because combining the density and radius of the star is our most reliable way of determining its mass, we find that the stellar (respectively planetary) mass and radius are strongly (respectively moderately) correlated. We then use a generalized Bayesian inference analysis to characterize the possible interiors of 55 Cnc e. We quantify how our ability to constrain the interior improves by accounting for correlation. The information content of the mass-radius correlation is also compared with refractory element abundance constraints. We provide posterior distributions for all interior parameters of interest. Given all available data, we find that the radius of the gaseous envelope is $0.08 pm 0.05 R_p$. A stronger correlation between the planetary mass and radius (potentially provided by a better estimate of the transit depth) would significantly improve interior characterization and reduce drastically the uncertainty on the gas envelope properties.
قيم البحث
اقرأ أيضاً
In a recent paper (Crida et al. 2018, accepted on April 19), we presented a method to derive the mass and radius of a transiting exoplanet and their intrinsic correlation, that we applied to 55 Cnc e. We wrote: More precise observations of the transi
t would be very useful in this particular case and would allow to increase significantly the gain on the planetary density precision. Three months later, Bourrier et al. (2018) published new observations of the system. Additionally, Gaias DR2 was released on April 25, 2018. The purpose of this research note is solely to implement these precise new data in our pipeline to provide an up-to-date result of our model. We find $R_p = 1.947pm 0.038,R_oplus$ and $M_p = 8.59pm 0.43,M_oplus$. We also double the precision on the planetary density ($rho_p = 1.164pm 0.062,rho_oplus$), which allows us to refine the estimates for all interior parameters of interest. In particular, we now find that the radius of the gaseous envelope is $0.03pm 0.02,R_p$.
We report on new transit photometry for the super-Earth 55 Cnc e obtained with Warm Spitzer/IRAC at 4.5 microns. An individual analysis of these new data leads to a planet radius of 2.21-0.16+0.15 Rearth, in good agreement with the values previously
derived from the MOST and Spitzer transit discovery data. A global analysis of both Spitzer transit time-series improves the precision on the radius of the planet at 4.5 microns to 2.20+-0.12 Rearth. We also performed an independent analysis of the MOST data, paying particular attention to the influence of the systematic effects of instrumental origin on the derived parameters and errors by including them in a global model instead of performing a preliminary detrending-filtering processing. We deduce an optical planet radius of 2.04+0.15 Rearth from this reanalysis of MOST data, which is consistent with the previous MOST result and with our Spitzer infrared radius. Assuming the achromaticity of the transit depth, we performed a global analysis combining Spitzer and MOST data that results in a planet radius of 2.17+-0.10 Rearth (13,820+-620 km). These results point to 55 Cnc e having a gaseous envelope overlying a rocky nucleus, in agreement with previous works. A plausible composition for the envelope is water which would be in super-critical form given the equilibrium temperature of the planet.
The High Optical Resolution Spectrograph (HORuS) is a new high-resolution echelle spectrograph available on the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC). We report on the first HORuS observations of a transit of the super-Earth planet 55 Cnc e. We inves
tigate the presence of Na I and H$alpha$ in its transmission spectrum and explore the capabilities of HORuS for planetary transmission spectroscopy. Our methodology leads to residuals in the difference spectrum between the in-transit and out-of-transit spectra for the Na I doublet lines of (3.4 $pm$ 0.4) $times$ 10$^{-4}$, which sets an upper limit to the detection of line absorption from the planetary atmosphere that is one order of magnitude more stringent that those reported in the literature. We demonstrate that we are able to reach the photon-noise limit in the residual spectra using HORuS to a degree that we would be able to easily detect giant planets with larger atmospheres. In addition, we modelled the structure, chemistry and transmission spectrum of 55 Cnc e using state-of-the-art open source tools.
We report the confirmation of a transiting planet around the bright, inactive M0.5 V star TOI-1235 (TYC 4384-1735-1, V = 11.5 mag), whose transit signal was detected in the photometric time series of Sectors 14, 20, and 21 of the TESS space mission.
We confirm the planetary nature of the transit signal, which has a period of 3.44 d, by using precise radial velocity measurements with CARMENES and HARPS-N spectrographs. A comparison of the properties derived for TOI-1235 bs with theoretical models reveals that the planet has a rocky composition, with a bulk density slightly higher than Earths. In particular, we measure a mass of M_p = 5.9+/-0.6 M_Earth and a radius of R_p = 1.69+/-0.08 R_Earth, which together result in a density of rho_p = 6.7+1.3-1.1 g/cm3. When compared with other well-characterized exoplanetary systems, the particular combination of planetary radius and mass puts our discovery in the radius gap, a transition region between rocky planets and planets with significant atmospheric envelopes, with few known members. While the exact location of the radius gap for M dwarfs is still a matter of debate, our results constrain it to be located at around 1.7 R_Earth or larger at the insolation levels received by TOI-1235 b (~60 S_Earth), which makes it an extremely interesting object for further studies of planet formation and atmospheric evolution.
The bright star 55 Cancri is known to host five planets, including a transiting super-Earth. The study presented here yields directly determined values for 55 Cncs stellar astrophysical parameters based on improved interferometry: $R=0.943 pm 0.010 R
_{odot}$, $T_{rm EFF} = 5196 pm 24$ K. We use isochrone fitting to determine 55 Cncs age to be 10.2 $pm$ 2.5 Gyr, implying a stellar mass of $0.905 pm 0.015 M_{odot}$. Our analysis of the location and extent of the systems habitable zone (0.67--1.32 AU) shows that planet f, with period $sim$ 260 days and $M sin i = 0.155 M_{Jupiter}$, spends the majority of the duration of its elliptical orbit in the circumstellar habitable zone. Though planet f is too massive to harbor liquid water on any planetary surface, we elaborate on the potential of alternative low-mass objects in planet fs vicinity: a large moon, and a low-mass planet on a dynamically stable orbit within the habitable zone. Finally, our direct value for 55 Cancris stellar radius allows for a model-independent calculation of the physical diameter of the transiting super-Earth 55 Cnc e ($sim 2.05 pm 0.15 R_{earth}$), which, depending on the planetary mass assumed, implies a bulk density of 0.76 $rho_{earth}$ or 1.07 $rho_{earth}$.
سجل دخول لتتمكن من نشر تعليقات
التعليقات
جاري جلب التعليقات
سجل دخول لتتمكن من متابعة معايير البحث التي قمت باختيارها
