ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
In this review, we first reassess the supernova remnant paradigm for the origin of galactic cosmic rays in the light of recent cosmic-ray data acquired by the Voyager 1 spacecraft. We then describe the theory of light element nucleosynthesis by nuclear interaction of cosmic rays with the interstellar medium and outline the problem of explaining the measured Be abundances in old halo stars of low metallicity with the standard model for the galactic cosmic ray origin. We then discuss the various cosmic ray models proposed in the literature to account for the measured evolution of the light elements in the Milky Way, and point out the difficulties that they all encounter. Amongst all possibilities, it seems to us that the superbubble model provides the most satisfactory explanation for these observations.
We briefly discuss models of energetic particle acceleration by supernova shock in active starforming regions at different stages of their evolution. Strong shocks may strongly amplify magnetic fields due to cosmic ray driven instabilities. We discus
Light element synthesis in supernovae through neutrino-nucleus interactions, i.e., the nu-process, is affected by neutrino oscillations in the supernova environment. There is a resonance of 13-mixing in the O/C layer, which increases the rates of cha
We present a bolometric light curve model of Type IIn supernovae powered by supernova ejecta colliding with a circumstellar medium. We estimate the conversion efficiency of the ejectas kinetic energy to radiation at the reverse and forward shocks and
Supernova remnants (SNRs) are believed to accelerate particles up to high energies through the mechanism of diffusive shock acceleration (DSA). Except for direct plasma simulations, all modeling efforts must rely on a given form of the diffusion coef
According to the most popular model for the origin of cosmic rays (CRs), supernova remnants (SNRs) are the site where CRs are accelerated. Observations across the electromagnetic spectrum support this picture through the detection of non-thermal emis