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One of the popular models for the low/hard state of Black Hole Binaries is that the standard accretion disk is truncated and the hot inner region produces via Comptonization, the hard X-ray flux. This is supported by the value of the high energy photon index, which is often found to be small $sim$ 1.7 ($<$ 2) implying that the hot medium is seed photons starved. On the other hand, the suggestive presence of a broad relativistic Fe line during the hard state would suggest that the accretion disk is not truncated but extends all the way to the inner most stable circle orbit. In such a case, it is a puzzle why the hot medium would remain photon starved. The broad Fe line should be accompanied by a broad smeared reflection hump at $sim$ 30 keV and it may be that this additional component makes the spectrum hard and the intrinsic photon index is larger, i.e. $>$ 2. This would mean that the medium is not photon deficient, reconciling the presence of a broad Fe line in the observed hard state. To test this hypothesis, we have analyzed the RXTE observations of GX 339-4 from the four outbursts during 2002-2011 and identify the observations when the system was in the hard state and showed a broad Fe line. We have then attempted to fit these observations with models, which include smeared reflection to understand whether the intrinsic photon index can indeed be large. We find that, while for some observations the inclusion of reflection does increase the photon index, there are hard state observations with broad Fe line that have photon indices less than 2.
We use simultaneous Swift and RXTE observations of the black hole binary GX 339-4 to measure the inner radius of its accretion disk in the hard state down to 0.4% L_{Edd} via modeling of the thermal disk emission and the relativistically broadened ir
The microquasar GX 339-4 was observed by Suzaku five times, spaced by a few days, during its transition back to the hard state at the end of its 2010-2011 outburst. The 2-10 keV source flux decreases by a factor ~10 between the beginning and the end
We analyse all available observations of GX 339--4 by XMM-Newton in the hard spectral state. We jointly fit the spectral data by Comptonization and the currently best reflection code, relxill. We consider in detail a contribution from a standard blac
We analyze eleven NuSTAR and Swift observations of the black hole X-ray binary GX 339-4 in the hard state, six of which were taken during the end of the 2015 outburst, five during a failed outburst in 2013. These observations cover luminosities from
A major question in the study of black hole binaries involves our understanding of the accretion geometry when the sources are in the hard state. In this state, the X-ray energy spectrum is dominated by a hard power-law component and radio observatio