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We reported a systematic study of spin-orbit torque biased magnetic sensors based on NiFe/Pt bilayers through both macro-spin modeling and experiments. The simulation results show that it is possible to achieve a linear sensor with a dynamic range of 0.1 - 10 Oe, power consumption of 1uW - 1 mW, and sensitivity of 0.1-0.5 Ohm/Oe. These characteristics can be controlled by varying the sensor dimension and current density in the Pt layer. The latter is in the range of 1 x 10^5 - 10^7 A/cm^2. Experimental results of fabricated sensors with selected sizes agree well with the simulation results. For a Wheatstone bridge sensor comprising of four sensing elements, a sensitivity up to 0.548 Ohm/Oe, linearity error below 6%, and detectivity of about 2.8 nT/Sqrt(Hz) were obtained. The simple structure and ultrathin thickness greatly facilitate the integration of these sensors for on-chip applications. As a proof-of-concept experiment, we demonstrate its application in detection of current flowing in an on-chip Cu wire.
Spin currents can modify the magnetic state of ferromagnetic ultrathin films through spin-orbit torque. They may be generated by means of spin-orbit interaction by either bulk or interfacial phenomena. Electrical transport measurements reveal a six-f
We use three-terminal magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) designed for field-free switching by spin-orbit torques (SOTs) to systematically study the impact of dual voltage pulses on the switching performances. We show that the concurrent action of an SO
Spin-dependent transport phenomena due to relativistic spin-orbit coupling and broken space-inversion symmetry are often difficult to interpret microscopically, in particular when occurring at surfaces or interfaces. Here we present a theoretical and
We review a unified approach for computing: (i) spin-transfer torque in magnetic trilayers like spin-valves and magnetic tunnel junction, where injected charge current flows perpendicularly to interfaces; and (ii) spin-orbit torque in magnetic bilaye
It has been shown that the spin Hall effect from heavy transition metals can generate sufficient spin-orbit torque and further produce current-induced magnetization switching in the adjacent ferromagnetic layer. However, if the ferromagnetic layer ha