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تسجيل مستخدم جديدElectron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Er$^{3+}$:Y$_2$SiO$_5$ Using Josephson Bifurcation Amplifier: Observation of Hyperfine and Quadrupole Structures
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We performed magnetic field and frequency tunable electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of an Er$^{3+}$ doped Y$_2$SiO$_5$ crystal by observing the change in flux induced on a direct current-superconducting quantum interference device (dc-SQUID) loop of a tunable Josephson bifurcation amplifer. The observed spectra show multiple transitions which agree well with the simulated energy levels, taking into account the hyperfine and quadrupole interactions of $^{167}$Er. The sensing volume is about 0.15 pl, and our inferred measurement sensitivity (limited by external flux noise) is approximately $1.5times10^4$ electron spins for a 1 s measurement. The sensitivity value is two orders of magnitude better than similar schemes using dc-SQUID switching readout.
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