ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
The existence and properties of low Mach-number ($M gtrsim 1$) electrostatic collisionless shocks are investigated with a semi-analytical solution for the shock structure. We show that the properties of the shock obtained in the semi-analytical model can be well reproduced in fully kinetic Eulerian Vlasov-Poisson simulations, where the shock is generated by the decay of an initial density discontinuity. Using this semi-analytical model, we study the effect of electron-to-ion temperature ratio and presence of impurities on both the maximum shock potential and Mach number. We find that even a small amount of impurities can influence the shock properties significantly, including the reflected light ion fraction, which can change several orders of magnitude. Electrostatic shocks in heavy ion plasmas reflect most of the hydrogen impurity ions.
The kinetic theory of collisionless electrostatic shocks resulting from the collision of plasma slabs with different temperatures and densities is presented. The theoretical results are confirmed by self-consistent particle-in-cell simulations, revea
Using large-scale fully-kinetic two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we investigate the effects of shock rippling on electron acceleration at low-Mach-number shocks propagating in high-$beta$ plasmas, in application to merger shocks in galax
Shocks act to convert incoming supersonic flows to heat, and in collisionless plasmas the shock layer forms on kinetic plasma scales through collective electromagnetic effects. These collisionless shocks have been observed in many space and astrophys
Strong shocks in collisionless plasmas, such as supernovae shocks and shocks driven by coronal mass ejections, are known to be a primary source of energetic particles. Due to their different mass per charge ratio, the interaction of heavy ions with t
The head-on collision between electrostatic shocks is studied via multi-dimensional Particle-In-Cell simulations. It is found that the shock velocities drop significantly and a strong magnetic field is generated after the interaction. This transverse