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By focusing on melancholic features with biological homogeneity, this study aimed to identify a small number of critical functional connections (FCs) that were specific only to the melancholic type of MDD. On the resting-state fMRI data, classifiers were developed to differentiate MDD patients from healthy controls (HCs). The classification accuracy was improved from 50 % (93 MDD and 93 HCs) to 70% (66 melancholic MDD and 66 HCs), when we specifically focused on the melancholic MDD with moderate or severer level of depressive symptoms. It showed 65% accuracy for the independent validation cohort. The biomarker score distribution showed improvements with escitalopram treatments, and also showed significant correlations with depression symptom scores. This classifier was specific to melancholic MDD, and it did not generalize in other mental disorders including autism spectrum disorder (ASD, 54% accuracy) and schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD, 45% accuracy). Among the identified 12 FCs from 9,316 FCs between whole brain anatomical node pairs, the left DLPFC / IFG region, which has most commonly been targeted for depression treatments, and its functional connections between Precuneus / PCC, and between right DLPFC / SMA areas had the highest contributions. Given the heterogeneity of the MDD, focusing on the melancholic features is the key to achieve high classification accuracy. The identified FCs specifically predicted the melancholic MDD and associated with subjective depressive symptoms. These results suggested key FCs of melancholic depression, and open doors to novel treatments targeting these regions in the future.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common psychiatric disorder with a lifetime prevalence of 2-3 percent. Recently, brain activity in the resting state is gathering attention as a new means of exploring altered functional connectivity in psychi
The goal of the present study is to identify autism using machine learning techniques and resting-state brain imaging data, leveraging the temporal variability of the functional connections (FC) as the only information. We estimated and compared the
Functional brain network has been widely studied to understand the relationship between brain organization and behavior. In this paper, we aim to explore the functional connectivity of brain network under a emph{multi-step} cognitive task involving w
The contribution of structural connectivity to functional brain states remains poorly understood. We present a mathematical and computational study suited to assess the structure--function issue, treating a system of Jansen--Rit neural-mass nodes wit
A large body of literature has shown the substantial inter-regional functional connectivity in the mammal brain. One important property remaining un-studied is the cross-time interareal connection. This paper serves to provide a tool to characterize