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تسجيل مستخدم جديدH.E.S.S. observations of RX J1713.7-3946 with improved angular and spectral resolution; evidence for gamma-ray emission extending beyond the X-ray emitting shell
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Supernova remnants exhibit shock fronts (shells) that can accelerate charged particles up to very high energies. In the past decade, measurements of a handful of shell-type supernova remnants in very-high-energy gamma rays have provided unique insights into the acceleration process. Among those objects, RX$~$J1713.7-3946 (also known as G347.3-0.5) has the largest surface brightness, allowing us in the past to perform the most comprehensive study of morphology and spatially resolved spectra of any such very-high-energy gamma-ray source. Here we present extensive new H.E.S.S. measurements of RX$~$J1713.7-3946, almost doubling the observation time compared to our previous publication. Combined with new improved analysis tools, the previous sensitivity is more than doubled. The H.E.S.S. angular resolution of $0.048^circ$ ($0.036^circ$ above 2 TeV) is unprecedented in gamma-ray astronomy and probes physical scales of 0.8 (0.6) parsec at the remnants location. The new H.E.S.S. image of RX$~$J1713.7-3946 allows us to reveal clear morphological differences between X-rays and gamma rays. In particular, for the outer edge of the brightest shell region, we find the first ever indication for particles in the process of leaving the acceleration shock region. By studying the broadband energy spectrum, we furthermore extract properties of the parent particle populations, providing new input to the discussion of the leptonic or hadronic nature of the gamma-ray emission mechanism.
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We report the first detection of thermal X-ray line emission from the supernova remnant (SNR) RX J1713.7-3946, the prototype of the small class of synchrotron dominated SNRs. A softness-ratio map generated using XMM-Newton data shows that faint inter
ior regions are softer than bright shell regions. Using Suzaku and deep XMM-Newton observations, we have extracted X-ray spectra from the softest area, finding clear line features at 1 keV and 1.35 keV. These lines can be best explained as Ne Ly-alpha and Mg He-alpha from a thermal emission component. Since the abundance ratios of metals to Fe are much higher than solar values in the thermal component, we attribute the thermal emission to reverse-shocked SN ejecta. The measured Mg/Ne, Si/Ne, and Fe/Ne ratios of 2.0-2.6, 1.5-2.0, and <0.05 solar suggest that the progenitor star of RX J1713.7-3946 was a relatively low-mass star (<~20 M_sun), consistent with a previous inference based on the effect of stellar winds of the progenitor star on the surrounding medium. Since the mean blastwave speed of ~6000 km/s (the radius of 9.6 pc divided by the age of 1600 yr) is relatively fast compared with other core-collapse SNRs, we propose that RX J1713.7-3946 is a result of a Type Ib/c supernova whose progenitor was a member of an interacting binary. While our analysis provides strong evidence for X-ray line emission, our interpretation of its nature as thermal emission from SN ejecta requires further confirmation especially through future precision spectroscopic measurements using ASTRO-H.
We report on results of Chandra X-ray observations of the southwestern part of the supernova remnant (SNR) RX J1713.7$-$3946. We measure proper motions of two X-ray bright blobs, named Blobs A and B, in regions presumably corresponding to the forward
shock of the SNR. The measured velocities are $3800 pm 100~mathrm{km}~mathrm{s}^{-1}$ and $2300 pm 200~mathrm{km}~mathrm{s}^{-1}$ for Blobs A and B, respectively. Since a dense molecular clump is located close to Blob B, its slower velocity is attributed to shock deceleration as a result of a shock-cloud interaction. This result provides solid evidence that the forward shock of RX J1713.7$-$3946 is indeed colliding with dense gas discovered through radio observations reported in the literature. The locations and velocity differences of the two blobs lead to an estimate that the shock encountered with the dense gas $sim 100~mathrm{yr}$ ago. The shock velocities, together with cutoff energies of the synchrotron X-ray spectra of the blobs, indicate that particle acceleration in these regions is close to the Bohm limit. Blob B, in particular, is almost at the limit, accelerating particles at the fastest possible rate. We discuss possible influence of the shock-cloud interaction on the efficiency of particle acceleration.
We have carried out a spectral analysis of the Suzaku X-ray data in the 0.4-12 keV range toward the shell-type very-high-energy {gamma}-ray supernova remnant RX J1713.7-3946. The aims of this analysis are to estimate detailed X-rays spectral properti
es at a high angular resolution up to 2 arcmin, and to compare them with the interstellar gas. The X-ray spectrum is non-thermal and used to calculate absorbing column density, photon index, and absorption-corrected X-ray flux. The photon index varies significantly from 2.1 to 2.9. It is shown that the X-ray intensity is well correlated with the photon index, especially in the west region, with a correlation coefficient of 0.81. The X-ray intensity tends to increase with the averaged interstellar gas density while the dispersion is relatively large. The hardest spectra having the photon index less than 2.4 are found outside of the central 10 arcmin of the SNR, from the north to the southeast (~430 arcmin^2) and from the southwest to the northwest (~150 arcmin^2). The former region shows low interstellar gas density, while the latter high interstellar gas density. We present discussion for possible scenarios which explain the distribution of the photon index and its relationship with the interstellar gas.
We perform simulations for future Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) observations of RX~J1713.7$-$3946, a young supernova remnant (SNR) and one of the brightest sources ever discovered in very-high-energy (VHE) gamma rays. Special attention is paid to e
xplore possible spatial (anti-)correlations of gamma rays with emission at other wavelengths, in particular X-rays and CO/H{sc i} emission. We present a series of simulated images of RX J1713.7$-$3946 for CTA based on a set of observationally motivated models for the gamma-ray emission. In these models, VHE gamma rays produced by high-energy electrons are assumed to trace the non-thermal X-ray emission observed by {it XMM-Newton}, whereas those originating from relativistic protons delineate the local gas distributions. The local atomic and molecular gas distributions are deduced by the NANTEN team from CO and H{sc i} observations. Our primary goal is to show how one can distinguish the emission mechanism(s) of the gamma rays (i.e., hadronic vs leptonic, or a mixture of the two) through information provided by their spatial distribution, spectra, and time variation. This work is the first attempt to quantitatively evaluate the capabilities of CTA to achieve various proposed scientific goals by observing this important cosmic particle accelerator.
In this work, we present the first detailed analysis of the supernova remnant RX J1713.7-3946 in the hard X-ray energy range with the IBIS coded-mask telescope on board the INTEGRAL observatory. The shell-type morphology of the entire remnant is mapp
ed in hard X-rays for the first time and significantly detected up to 50 keV. The IBIS sky image of RX J1713.7-3946, accumulated over 14 years of operations, demonstrates two extended hard X-ray sources. These sources are spatially consistent with northwest and southwest rims of RX J1713.7-3946 and are also clearly visible at energies below 10 keV with XMM-Newton. This points to a single emission mechanism operating in soft and hard X-rays. The INTEGRAL 17-120 keV spectrum of RX J1713.7-3946 is characterized by a power-law continuum with the photon index of $Gammaapprox3$, that is significantly softer than $Gammaapprox2$ determined by XMM-Newton in the 1-10 keV energy range, suggesting a progressive steepening of the spectrum with the energy.
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