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After a brief introduction to Heun type functions we note that the actual solutions of the eigenvalue equation emerging in the calculation of the one loop contribution to QCD from the Belavin-Polyakov-Schwarz-Tyupkin instanton and the similar calculation for a Dirac particle coupled to a scalar $CP^1$ model in two dimensions can be given in terms of confluent Heun equation in their original forms. These equations were previously modified to be solved by more elementary functions. We also show that polynomial solutions with discrete eigenvalues are impossible to find in the unmodified equations.
Formalism of extended Lagrangian represent a systematic procedure to look for the local symmetries of a given Lagrangian action. In this work, the formalism is discussed and applied to a field theory. We describe it in detail for a field theory with
The expectation values of energy density and pressure of a quantum field inside a wedge-shaped region appear to violate the expected relationship between torque and total energy as a function of angle. In particular, this is true of the well-known De
This is the introductory chapter to the volume. We review the main idea of the localization technique and its brief history both in geometry and in QFT. We discuss localization in diverse dimensions and give an overview of the major applications of t
One of the most important mathematical tools necessary for Quantum Field Theory calculations is the field propagator. Applications are always done in terms of plane waves and although this has furnished many magnificent results, one may still be allo
In a previous paper it was shown how to calculate the ground-state energy density $E$ and the $p$-point Greens functions $G_p(x_1,x_2,...,x_p)$ for the $PT$-symmetric quantum field theory defined by the Hamiltonian density $H=frac{1}{2}( ablaphi)^2+f