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While any two-dimensional mixed state of polarization of light can be represented by a combination of a pure state and a fully random state, any Mueller matrix can be represented by a convex combination of a pure component and three additional components whose randomness is scaled in a proper and objective way. Such characteristic decomposition constitutes the appropriate framework for the characterization of the polarimetric randomness of the system represented by a given Mueller matrix, and provides criteria for the optimal filtering of noise in experimental polarimetry.
Except for very particular and artificial experimental configurations, linear transformations of the state of polarization of an electromagnetic wave result in a reduction of the intensity of the exiting wave with respect to the incoming one. This na
Linear polarimetric transformations of light polarization states by the action of material media are fully characterized by the corresponding Mueller matrices, which contain in an implicit and intricate manner all measurable information on such trans
Mueller polarimetry involves a variety of instruments and technologies whose importance and scope of applications are rapidly increasing. The exploitation of these powerful resources depends strongly on the mathematical models that underlie the analy
Mueller matrix polarimetry constitutes a nondestructive powerful tool for the analysis of material samples that is used today in an enormous variety of applications. Depolarizing samples exhibit, in general, a complicated physical behavior that requi
Orthogonal Mueller matrices can be considered either as corresponding to retarders or to generalized transformations of the polarization basis for the representation of Stokes vectors, so that they constitute the only type of Mueller matrices that pr