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The behavior of the charm and bottom structure functions ($F_{k}^{i}(x,Q^{2})$, i=c,b; k=2,L) at small-$x$ is considered with respect to the hard-Pomeron and saturation models. Having checked that this behavior predicate the heavy flavor reduced cross sections concerning the unshadowed and shadowed corrections. We will show that the effective exponents for the unshadowed and saturation corrections are independent of $x$ and $Q^{2}$, and also the effective coefficients are dependent to $ln{Q^{2}}$ compared to Donnachie-Landshoff (DL) and color dipole (CD) models.
In the paper, we derive the next-to-leading order (NLO) fragmentation function for a heavy quark, either charm or bottom, into a heavy quarkonium $J/Psi$ or $Upsilon$. The ultra-violet divergences in the real corrections are removed through the opera
The world-line representation of quantum field theory is a powerful framework for the computation of perturbative multi-leg Feynman amplitudes. In particular, in gauge theories, it provides an efficient way, via point particle Grassmann functional in
Recent data on the structure function F_2(x,Q^2) at small values of x are analysed and compared with theoretical expectations. It is shown that the observed rise at small x is consistent with a logarithmic increase, growing logarithmically also with
We discuss the longitudinal structure function in nuclear DIS at small $x$. We work within the framework of universal parton densities obtained in DGLAP analyses at NLO. We show that the nuclear effects on the longitudinal structure function closely
Lattice quantum chromodynamics provides first principles calculations for hadrons containing heavy quarks -- charm and bottom quarks. Their mass spectra, decay rates, and some hadronic matrix elements can be calculated on the lattice in a model indep