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تسجيل مستخدم جديدObservations of Type Ia Supernova 2014J with FLITECAM/SOFIA
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We present medium resolution near-infrared (NIR) spectra, covering 1.1 to 3.4 microns, of the normal Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) SN 2014J in M82 obtained with the FLITECAM instrument aboard SOFIA approximately 17-25 days after maximum B light. Our 2.8-3.4 micron spectra may be the first ~3 micron spectra of a SN Ia ever published. The spectra spanning the 1.5-2.7 micron range are characterized by a strong emission feature at ~1.77 microns with a full width at half maximum of ~11,000-13,000 km/s. We compare the observed FLITECAM spectra to the recent non-LTE delayed detonation models of Dessart et al. (2014) and find that the models agree with the spectra remarkably well in the 1.5-2.7 micron wavelength range. Based on this comparison we identify the ~1.77 micron emission peak as a blend of permitted lines of Co II. Other features seen in the 2.0 - 2.5 micron spectra are also identified as emission from permitted transitions of Co II. However, the models are not as successful at reproducing the spectra in the 1.1 - 1.4 micron range or between 2.8 and 3.4 microns. These observations demonstrate the promise of SOFIA by allowing access to wavelength regions inaccessible from the ground, and serve to draw attention to the usefulness of the regions between the standard ground-based NIR passbands for constraining SN models.
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We present extensive ground-based and $Hubble~Space~Telescope$ ($HST$) photometry of the highly reddened, very nearby type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 2014J in M82, covering the phases from 9 days before to about 900 days after the $B$-band maximum. SN 2014
J is similar to other normal SNe Ia near the maximum light, but it shows flux excess in the $B$ band in the early nebular phase. This excess flux emission can be due to light scattering by some structures of circumstellar materials located at a few 10$^{17}$ cm, consistent with a single degenerate progenitor system or a double degenerate progenitor system with mass outflows in the final evolution or magnetically driven winds around the binary system. At t$sim$+300 to $sim$+500 days past the $B$-band maximum, the light curve of SN 2014J shows a faster decline relative to the $^{56}$Ni decay. Such a feature can be attributed to the significant weakening of the emission features around [Fe III] $lambda$4700 and [Fe II] $lambda$5200 rather than the positron escape as previously suggested. Analysis of the $HST$ images taken at t$>$600 days confirms that the luminosity of SN 2014J maintains a flat evolution at the very late phase. Fitting the late-time pseudo-bolometric light curve with radioactive decay of $^{56}$Ni, $^{57}$Ni and $^{55}$Fe isotopes, we obtain the mass ratio $^{57}$Ni/$^{56}$Ni as $0.035 pm 0.011$, which is consistent with the corresponding value predicted from the 2D and 3D delayed-detonation models. Combined with early-time analysis, we propose that delayed-detonation through single degenerate scenario is most likely favored for SN 2014J.
We present a time series of the highest resolution spectra yet published for the nearby Type Ia supernova (SN) 2014J in M82. They were obtained at 11 epochs over 33 days around peak brightness with the Levy Spectrograph (resolution R~110,000) on the
2.4m Automated Planet Finder telescope at Lick Observatory. We identify multiple Na I D and K I absorption features, as well as absorption by Ca I H & K and several of the more common diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs). We see no evolution in any component of Na I D, Ca I, or in the DIBs, but do establish the dissipation/weakening of the two most blueshifted components of K I. We present several potential physical explanations, finding the most plausible to be photoionization of circumstellar material, and discuss the implications of our results with respect to the progenitor scenario of SN 2014J.
Spectroscopic and photometric observations of the nearby Type Ia Supernova (SN Ia) SN 2014J are presented. Spectroscopic observations were taken -8 to +10 d relative to B-band maximum, using FRODOSpec, a multi-purpose integral-field unit spectrograph
. The observations range from 3900 AA to 9000 AA. SN 2014J is located in M82 which makes it the closest SN Ia studied in at least the last 28 years. It is a spectrosopically normal SN Ia with high velocity features. We model the spectra of SN 2014J with a Monte Carlo (MC) radiative transfer code, using the abundance tomography technique. SN 2014J is highly reddened, with a host galaxy extinction of E(B-V)=1.2 (R_V=1.38). It has a $Delta$m_15(B) of 1.08$pm$0.03 when corrected for extinction. As SN 2014J is a normal SN Ia, the density structure of the classical W7 model was selected. The model and photometric luminosities are both consistent with B-band maximum occurring on JD 2456690.4$pm$0.12. The abundance of the SN 2014J behaves like other normal SN Ia, with significant amounts of silicon (12% by mass) and sulphur (9% by mass) at high velocities (12300 km s$^{-1}$) and the low-velocity ejecta (v<6500 km s$^{-1}$) consists almost entirely of $^{56}$Ni.
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HE; $Egeq100$ GeV) gamma rays produced in the early stages of Type Ia supernova explosions. We performed follow-up observations after this supernova explosion for 5 days, between January 27 and February 2 in 2014. We search for gamma-ray signal in the energy range between 100 GeV and several TeV from the location of SN 2014J using data from a total of $sim5.5$ hours of observations. Prospects for observing gamma-rays of hadronic origin from SN 2014J in the near future are also being addressed. No significant excess was detected from the direction of SN 2014J. Upper limits at 95$%$ confidence level on the integral flux, assuming a power-law spectrum, d$F/$d$Epropto E^{-Gamma}$, with a spectral index of $Gamma=2.6$, for energies higher than 300 GeV and 700 GeV, are established at $1.3times10^{-12}$ and $4.1times10^{-13}$ photons~cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$, respectively. For the first time, upper limits on the VHE emission of a Type Ia supernova are established. The energy fraction isotropically emitted into TeV gamma rays during the first $sim10$ days after the supernova explosion for energies greater than 300 GeV is limited to $10^{-6}$ of the total available energy budget ($sim 10^{51}$ erg). Within the assumed theoretical scenario, the MAGIC upper limits on the VHE emission suggest that SN 2014J will not be detectable in the future by any current or planned generation of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes.
The very nearby Type Ia supernova 2014J in M82 offers a rare opportunity to study the physics of thermonuclear supernovae at extremely late phases ($gtrsim$800 days). Using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), we obtained six epochs of high precision ph
otometry for SN 2014J from 277 days to 1181 days past the $B-$band maximum light. The reprocessing of electrons and X-rays emitted by the radioactive decay chain $^{57}$Co$rightarrow ^{57}$Fe are needed to explain the significant flattening of both the $F606W$-band and the pseudo-bolometric light curves. The flattening confirms previous predictions that the late-time evolution of type Ia supernova luminosities requires additional energy input from the decay of $^{57}$Co (Seitenzahl et al. 2009). By assuming the $F606W$-band luminosity scales with the bolometric luminosity at $sim$500 days after the $B-$band maximum light, a mass ratio $^{57}$Ni/$^{56}$Ni$sim$0.065$_{-0.004}^{+0.005}$ is required. This mass ratio is roughly $sim$3 times the solar ratio and favors a progenitor white dwarf with a mass near the Chandrasekhar limit. A similar fit using the constructed pseudo-bolometric luminosity gives a mass ratio $^{57}$Ni/$^{56}$Ni$sim$0.066$_{-0.008}^{+0.009}$. Astrometric tests based on the multi-epoch HST ACS/WFC images reveal no significant circumstellar light echoes in between 0.3 pc and 100 pc (Yang et al. 2017) from the supernova.
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