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Time and again, spin has been a key element in the exploration of fundamental physics. Spin-dependent observables have often revealed deficits in the assumed theoretical framework and have led to novel developments and concepts. Spin is exploited in many parity-violating experiments searching for physics beyond the Standard Model or studying the nature of nucleon-nucleon forces. The RHIC spin program plays a special role in this grand scheme: it uses spin to study how a complex many-body system such as the proton arises from the dynamics of QCD. Many exciting results from RHIC spin have emerged to date, most of them from RHIC running after the 2007 Long Range Plan. In this document we present highlights from the RHIC program to date and lay out the roadmap for the significant advances that are possible with future RHIC running.
This document summarizes recent achievements of the RHIC spin program and their impact on our understanding of the nucleons spin structure, i.e. the individual parton (quark and gluon) contributions to the helicity structure of the nucleon and to und
The production of $W$ bosons in polarized $p+p$ collisions at RHIC provides an excellent tool to probe the protons sea quark distributions. At leading order $W^{-(+)}$ bosons are produced in $bar{u}+d,(bar{d}+u)$ collisions, and parity-violating sing
I review progress toward the experimental study of polarized proton collisions at RHIC, at center-of-mass energies of several hundred GeV. The tools under development for these experiments are summarized, with emphasis on the complementarity for the
The Future Circular Collider (FCC) design study is aimed at assessing the physics potential and the technical feasibility of a new collider with centre-of-mass energies, in the hadron-hadron collision mode including proton and nucleus beams, more tha
This document summarizes the conclusions of the Neutrino Town Meeting held at CERN in October 2018 to review the neutrino field at large with the aim of defining a strategy for accelerator-based neutrino physics in Europe. The importance of the field