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The physical structures of the outer atmospheres of red giants are not known. They are certainly complex and a range of recent observations are showing that we need to embrace to non-classical atmosphere models to interpret these regions. This regions properties is of importance, not the least, for the understanding of the mass-loss mechanism for these stars, which is not still understood. Here, we present observational constraints of the outer regions of red giants, based on mid-IR, high spectral resolution spectra. We also discuss possible non-LTE effects and highlight a new non-LTE code that will be used to analyse the spectra of these atmospheric layers. We conclude by mentioning our new SOFIA/EXES observations of red giants at 6 microns, where the vibration-rotation lines of water vapour can be detected and spectrally resolved for the first time.
The recent high angular resolution observations have shown that the transition between a globally symmetrical giant and a source surrounded by a spatially complex environment occurs relatively early, as soon as the external layers of the stars are no
We investigate the evolutionary connection between local IR-bright galaxies ($log L_{rm IR}ge 11.4,L_odot$) and quasars. We use high angular resolution ($sim$ 0.3-0.4 arcsec $sim$ few hundred parsecs) $8-13,mu$m ground-based spectroscopy to disentang
We present Herschel/HIFI observations (WISH KP) of 14 water lines in a small sample of galactic massive protostellar objects: NGC6334I(N), DR21(OH), IRAS16272-4837, and IRAS05358+3543. We analyze the gas dynamics from the line profiles. Through model
Asymptotic Giant Branch variables are found to obey period-luminosity relations in the mid-IR similar to those seen at K_S (2.14 microns), even at 24 microns where emission from circumstellar dust is expected to be dominant. Their loci in the M, logP
We broadly discuss mid-infrared spectroscopy and detail our new high spectral resolution instrument, the Texas Echelon-cross-Echelle Spectrograph (TEXES).