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The formation of supermassive Population III stars with masses $gtrsim$ 10,000 Msun in primeval galaxies in strong UV backgrounds at $z sim$ 15 may be the most viable pathway to the formation of supermassive black holes by $z sim$ 7. Most of these stars are expected to live for short times and then directly collapse to black holes, with little or no mass loss over their lives. But we have now discovered that non-rotating primordial stars with masses close to 55,000 Msun can instead die as highly energetic thermonuclear supernovae powered by explosive helium burning, releasing up to 10$ ^{55}$ erg, or about 10,000 times the energy of a Type Ia supernova. The explosion is triggered by the general relativistic contribution of thermal photons to gravity in the core of the star, which causes the core to contract and explosively burn. The energy release completely unbinds the star, leaving no compact remnant, and about half of the mass of the star is ejected into the early cosmos in the form of heavy elements. The explosion would be visible in the near infrared at $z lesssim$ 20 to {it Euclid} and the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST), perhaps signaling the birth of supermassive black hole seeds and the first quasars.
We present the expected observational properties of a general relativistic instability supernova (GRSN) from the 55,500 Msun primordial (Population III) star. Supermassive stars exceeding 1e4 Msun may exist in the early Universe. They are generally c
Numerical studies of primordial star formation suggest that the first stars in the universe may have been very massive. Stellar models indicate that non-rotating Population III stars with initial masses of 140-260 Msun die as highly energetic pair-in
Superluminous supernovae have been proposed to arise from Population III progenitors that explode as pair-instability supernovae. Pop III stars are the first generation of stars in the Universe, and are thought to form as late as $z sim 6$. Future ne
ULTIMATE-Subaru (Ultra-wide Laser Tomographic Imager and MOS with AO for Transcendent Exploration on Subaru) and WFIRST (Wide Field Infra-Red Survey Telescope) are the next generation near-infrared instruments that have a large field-of-view. They al
We perform a binary population synthesis calculation incorporating very massive population (Pop.) III stars up to 1500 $M_odot$, and investigate the nature of binary black hole (BBH) mergers. Above the pair-instability mass gap, we find that the typi