اشترك بالحزمة الذهبية واحصل على وصول غير محدود شمرا أكاديميا
تسجيل مستخدم جديدMetallicity and kinematics of the bar in-situ
134
0
0.0
(
0
)
اسأل ChatGPT حول البحث
ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
Constraints on the Galactic bulge/bar structure and formation history from stellar kinematics and metallicities mainly come from relatively high-latitude fields (|b|>4) where a complex mix of stellar population is seen. We aim here to constrain the formation history of the Galactic bar by studying the radial velocity and metallicity distributions of stars in-situ (|b|<1). We observed red clump stars in four fields along the bars major axis (l=10,6,-6 and b=0 plus a field at l=0,b=1) with low-resolution spectroscopy from VLT/FLAMES, observing around the CaII triplet. We developed robust methods for extracting radial velocity and metallicity estimates from these low signal-to-noise spectra. We derived distance probability distributions using Bayesian methods rigorously handling the extinction law. We present radial velocities and metallicity distributions, as well as radial velocity trends with distance. We observe an increase in the radial velocity dispersion near the Galactic plane. We detect the streaming motion of the stars induced by the bar in fields at l=+/-6, the highest velocity components of this bar stream being metal-rich ([Fe/H]~0.2 dex). Our data is consistent with a bar inclined at 26+/-3 from the Sun-Galactic centre line. We observe a significant fraction of metal-poor stars, in particular in the field at l=0,b=1. We confirm the flattening of the metallicity gradient along the minor axis when getting closer to the plane, with a hint that it could actually be inverted. Our stellar kinematics corresponds to the expected behaviour of a bar issued from the secular evolution of the Galactic disc. The mix of several populations, seen further away from the plane, is also seen in the bar in-situ since our metallicity distributions highlight a different spatial distribution between metal-poor and metal-rich stars, the more metal-poor stars being more centrally concentrated.
قيم البحث
اقرأ أيضاً
The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy with the Schechter characteristic luminosity $L_*$, thus an important anchor point of the Hubble sequence of all spiral galaxies. Yet the true appearance of the Milky Way has remained elusive for centuries. We review
the current best understanding of the structure and kinematics of our home galaxy, and present an updated scientifically accurate visualization of the Milky Way structure with almost all components of the spiral arms, along with the COBE image in the solar perspective. The Milky Way contains a strong bar, four major spiral arms, and an additional arm segment (the Local arm) that may be longer than previously thought. The Galactic boxy bulge that we observe is mostly the peanut-shaped central bar viewed nearly end-on with a bar angle of 25-30 degrees from the Sun-Galactic center line. The bar transitions smoothly from a central peanut-shaped structure to an extended thin part that ends around R ~ 5 kpc. The Galactic bulge/bar contains ~ 30-40% of the total stellar mass in the Galaxy. Dynamical modelling of both the stellar and gas kinematics yields a bar pattern rotation speed of ~ 35-40 km/s/kpc, corresponding to a bar rotation period of ~ 160-180 Myr. From a galaxy formation point of view, our Milky Way is probably a pure-disk galaxy with little room for a significant merger-made, classical spheroidal bulge, and we give a number of reasons why this is the case.
We use N-body chemo-dynamic simulations to study the coupling between morphology, kinematics and metallicity of the bar/bulge region of our Galaxy. We make qualitative comparisons of our results with available observations and find very good agreemen
t. We conclude that this region is complex, since it comprises several stellar components with different properties -- i.e. a boxy/peanut bulge, thin and thick disc components, and, to lesser extents, a disky pseudobulge, a stellar halo and a small classical bulge -- all cohabiting in dynamical equilibrium. Our models show strong links between kinematics and metallicity, or morphology and metallicity, as already suggested by a number of recent observations. We discuss and explain these links.
We report metallicities and radial velocities derived from spectra at the near-infrared calcium triplet for 373 red giants in a 200 square arcminute area at the optical center of the LMC bar. These are the first spectroscopic abundance measurements o
f intermediate-age and old field stars in the high surface brightness heart of the LMC. The metallicity distribution is sharply peaked at the median value [Fe/H] = -0.40, with a small tail of stars extending down to [Fe/H] <= -2.1; 10% of the red giants are observed to have [Fe/H] <= -0.7. The relative lack of metal-poor stars indicates that the LMC has a G dwarf problem, similar to the Milky Way. The abundance distribution can be closely approximated by two Gaussians containing 89% and 11% of the stars, respectively: the first component is centered at [Fe/H] = -0.37 with standard deviation = 0.15, and the second at [Fe/H] = -1.08 with standard deviation = 0.46. Because of the central location of our field, kinematic constraints are not strong, but there is no evidence that the bar deviates from the general motion of the LMC disk. The velocity dispersion of the whole sample is 24.7 +/- 0.4 km/sec. The most metal-poor 5% of stars ([Fe/H] < -1.15) show a dispersion of 40.8 +/- 1.7 km/sec, more than twice the value for the most metal-rich 5%. The age-metallicity relation (AMR) is almost flat during the period from 5-10 Gyr ago, with an apparent scatter of +/-0.15 dex about the mean metallicity for a given age. (abstract abridged)
We investigate models of the Milky Way disc taking into account simultaneously the bar and a two-armed quasi-static spiral pattern. Away from major resonance overlaps, the mean stellar radial motions in the plane are essentially a linear superpositio
n of the isolated effects of the bar and spirals. Thus, provided the bar is strong enough, even in the presence of spiral arms, these mean radial motions are predominantly affected by the Galactic bar for large scale velocity fluctuations. This is evident when comparing the peculiar line-of-sight velocity power spectrum of our coupled models with bar-only models. However, we show how forthcoming spectroscopic surveys could disentangle bar-only non-axisymmetric models of the Galaxy from models in which spiral arms have a significant amplitude. We also point out that overlaps of low-order resonances are sufficient to enhance stellar churning within the disc, even when the spirals amplitude is kept constant. Nevertheless, for churning to be truly non-local, stronger or (more likely) transient amplitudes would be needed: otherwise the disc is actually mostly unaffected by churning in the present models. Finally, regarding vertical breathing modes, the combined effect of the bar and spirals on vertical motions is a clear non-linear superposition of the isolated effects of both components, significantly superseding the linear superposition of modes produced by each perturber separately, thereby providing an additional effect to consider when analysing the observed breathing mode of the Galactic disc in the extended Solar neighbourhood.
Massive early-type galaxies typically have two subpopulations of globular clusters (GCs) which often reveal radial colour (metallicity) gradients. Collating gradients from the literature, we show that the gradients in the metal-rich and metal-poor GC
subpopulations are the same, within measurement uncertainties, in a given galaxy. Furthermore, these GC gradients are similar in strength to the {it stellar} metallicity gradient of the host galaxy. At the very largest radii (e.g. greater than 8 galaxy effective radii) there is some evidence that the GC gradients become flat with near constant mean metallicity. Using stellar metallicity gradients as a proxy, we probe the assembly histories of massive early-type galaxies with hydrodynamical simulations from the Magneticum suite of models. In particular, we measure the stellar metallicity gradient for the in-situ and accreted components over a similar radial range as those observed for GC subpopulations. We find that the in-situ and accreted stellar metallicity gradients are similar but have a larger scatter than the metal-rich and metal-poor GC subpopulations gradients in a given galaxy. We conclude that although metal-rich GCs are predominately formed during the in-situ phase and metal-poor GCs during the accretion phase of massive galaxy formation, they do not have a strict one-to-one connection.
سجل دخول لتتمكن من نشر تعليقات
التعليقات
جاري جلب التعليقات
سجل دخول لتتمكن من متابعة معايير البحث التي قمت باختيارها
