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In this Rapid Communication, we describe how the presence of the third dimension may break the scale invariance in a two-dimensional Bose gas in a pancake-shaped trap. From the two-dimensional perspective, the possibility of a weak spilling of the atomic density beyond the ground-state of the confinement alters the two-dimensional chemical potential; in turn, this correction no longer supports scale invariance. We compare experimental data with numerical and analytic perturbative results and find a good agreement.
We study experimentally and numerically the equilibrium density profiles of a trapped two-dimensional $^{87}$Rb Bose gas, and investigate the equation of state of the homogeneous system using the local density approximation. We find a clear discrepan
Two-dimensional (2D) systems play a special role in many-body physics. Because of thermal fluctuations, they cannot undergo a conventional phase transition associated to the breaking of a continuous symmetry. Nevertheless they may exhibit a phase tra
In this article, we consider the monopole excitations of the harmonically trapped Bose gas in the vicinity of the Tonks-Girardeau limit. Using Girardeaus Fermi-Bose duality and subsequently an effective fermion-fermion odd-wave interaction, we obtain
Phase transitions are ubiquitous in our three-dimensional world. By contrast most conventional transitions do not occur in infinite uniform two-dimensional systems because of the increased role of thermal fluctuations. Here we explore the dimensional
The collective behavior of a many-body system near a continuous phase transition is insensitive to the details of its microscopic physics[1]. Characteristic features near the phase transition are that the thermodynamic observables follow generalized