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Enzymes within biochemical pathways are often colocalized, yet the consequences of specific spatial enzyme arrangements remain poorly understood. We study the impact of enzyme arrangement on reaction efficiency within a reaction-diffusion model. The optimal arrangement transitions from a cluster to a distributed profile as a single parameter, which controls the probability of reaction versus diffusive loss of pathway intermediates, is varied. We introduce the concept of enzyme exposure to explain how this transition arises from the stochastic nature of molecular reactions and diffusion.
Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-beta) signalling is an important regulator of cellular growth and differentiation. The principal intracellular mediators of TGF-beta signalling are the Smad proteins, which upon TGF-beta stimulation accumulate in
Signaling pathways serve to communicate information about extracellular conditions into the cell, to both the nucleus and cytoplasmic processes to control cell responses. Genetic mutations in signaling network components are frequently associated wit
The primary activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has become a prominent target for molecular therapies against several forms of cancer. But despite considerable progress during the last years, many of its aspects remain poorly un
The living cell is an open nonequilibrium biochemical system, where ATP hydrolysis serves as the energy source for a wide range of intracellular processes including the assurance for decision-making. In the fission yeast cell cycle, the transition fr
The evolution of the genome has led to very sophisticated and complex regulation. Because of the abundance of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) in the cell, different species will promiscuously associate with each other, suggesting collective dynamics similar t