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The premise of genetic analysis is that a causal link exists between phenotypic and allelic variation. Yet it has long been documented that mutant phenotypes are not a simple result of a single DNA lesion, but rather are due to interactions of the focal allele with other genes and the environment. Although an experimentally rigorous approach, focusing on individual mutations and isogenic control strains, has facilitated amazing progress within genetics and related fields, a glimpse back suggests that a vast complexity has been omitted from our current understanding of allelic effects. Armed with traditional genetic analyses and the foundational knowledge they have provided, we argue that the time and tools are ripe to return to the under-explored aspects of gene function and embrace the context-dependent nature of genetic effects. We assert that a broad understanding of genetic effects and the evolutionary dynamics of alleles requires identifying how mutational outcomes depend upon the wild-type genetic background. Furthermore, we discuss how best to exploit genetic background effects to broaden genetic research programs.
The phenotypic consequences of individual mutations are modulated by the wild type genetic background in which they occur.Although such background dependence is widely observed, we do not know whether general patterns across species and traits exist,
In unicellular organisms such as bacteria the same acquired mutations beneficial in one environment can be restrictive in another. However, evolving Escherichia coli populations demonstrate remarkable flexibility in adaptation. The mechanisms sustain
The leaves of the Coriandrum sativum plant, known as cilantro or coriander, are widely used in many cuisines around the world. However, far from being a benign culinary herb, cilantro can be polarizing---many people love it while others claim that it
We report on a theoretical study of point mutations effects on charge transfer properties in the DNA sequence of the tumor-suppressor p53 gene. On the basis of effective single-strand or double-strand tight-binding models which simulate hole propagat
In this paper it is shown that within a Combined Genetic Code Table, realized through a combination of Watson-Crick Table and Codon Path Cube it exists, without an exception, a strict distinction between two classes of enzymes aminoacyl-tRNA syntheta