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The interpretation of some recent measurements of spin-dependent voltage for which the electric conduction does not play a role rises some new fundamental questions about the effects of spin-dependent heat currents. A two spin-channel model is proposed in order to describe the effect of out-of-equilibrium spin-dependent heat carriers in electric conductors and insulators. It is shown that thermal spin-accumulation can be generated by the heat currents only over an arbitrarily long distance for both electric conductors or electric insulators. The diffusion equations for thermal spin-accumulation are derived in both cases, and the principle of its detection based on Spin-Nernst effect is described.
We demonstrate spin-accumulation signals controlled by the gate voltage in a metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor structure with a Si channel and a CoFe/$n^{+}$-Si contact at room temperature. Under the application of a back-gate voltage
In this letter, we first show electrical spin injection in the germanium conduction band at room temperature and modulate the spin signal by applying a gate voltage to the channel. The corresponding signal modulation agrees well with the predictions
We study the influence of step defect on surface states in three-dimensional topological insulators subject to a perpendicular magnetic field. By calculating the energy spectrum of the surface states, we find that Landau levels (LLs) can form on flat
We report electronic control and measurement of an imbalance between spin-up and spin-down electrons in micron-scale open quantum dots. Spin injection and detection was achieved with quantum point contacts tuned to have spin-selective transport, with
The modern theory of electric polarization has recently been extended to higher multipole moments, such as quadrupole and octupole moments. The higher electric multipole insulators are essentially topological crystalline phases protected by underlyin