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We report the first direct measurement of the hyperfine transition of the ground state positronium. The hyperfine structure between ortho-positronium and para-positronium is about 203 GHz. We develop a new optical system to accumulate about 10 kW power using a gyrotron, a mode converter, and a Fabry-P{e}rot cavity. The hyperfine transition has been observed with a significance of 5.4 standard deviations. The transition probability is measured to be $A = 3.1^{+1.6}_{-1.2} times 10^{-8}$ s$^{-1}$ for the first time, which is in good agreement with the theoretical value of $3.37 times 10^{-8}$ s$^{-1}$.
Hyperfine splitting of positronium is an important parameter for particle physics. This paper gives experimental techniques and results of R&D studies of our experiment to observe direct hyperfine transition of ortho-positronium to para-positronium.
We report on the first measurement of the Breit-Wigner resonance of the transition from {it ortho-}positronium to {it para-}positronium. We have developed an optical system to accumulate a power of over 20 kW using a frequency-tunable gyrotron and a
Positronium is an ideal system for the research of the bound state QED. The hyperfine splitting of positronium (Ps-HFS, about 203 GHz) is an important observable but all previous measurements of Ps-HFS had been measured indirectly using Zeeman splitt
On the basis of the perturbation theory in the fine structure constant $alpha$ and the ratio of the electron to muon masses we calculate one-loop vacuum polarization and electron vertex corrections and the nuclear structure corrections to the hyperfi
We present direct observation of the M1 transition between the fine structure splitting in the 4f13 5s2 5p6 2F ground state of W VIII. The spectroscopic data of few-times ionized tungsten ions are important for the future ITER diagnostics, but there