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تسجيل مستخدم جديدAngle-dependent radiative grain alignment; Confirmation of a magnetic field - radiation anisotropy angle dependence on the efficiency of interstellar grain alignment
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Interstellar grain alignment studies are currently experiencing a renaissance due to the development of a new quantitative theory based on Radiative Alignment Torques (RAT). One of the distinguishing predictions of this theory is a dependence of the grain alignment efficiency on the relative angle ($Psi$) between the magnetic field and the anisotropy direction of the radiation field. In an earlier study we found observational evidence for such an effect from observations of the polarization around the star HD 97300 in the Chamaeleon I cloud. However, due to the large uncertainties in the measured visual extinctions, the result was uncertain. By acquiring explicit spectral classification of the polarization targets, we have sought to perform a more precise reanalysis of the existing polarimetry data. We have obtained new spectral types for the stars in our for our polarization sample, which we combine with photometric data from the literature to derive accurate visual extinctions for our sample of background field stars. This allows a high accuracy test of the grain alignment efficiency as a function of $Psi$. We confirm and improve the measured accuracy of the variability of the grain alignment efficiency with $Psi$, seen in the earlier study. We note that the grain temperature (heating) also shows a dependence on $Psi$ which we interpret as a natural effect of the projection of the grain surface to the illuminating radiation source. This dependence also allows us to derive an estimate of the fraction of aligned grains in the cloud.
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Interstellar polarization in the optical/infrared has long been known to be due to asymmetrical dust grains aligned with the magnetic field and can potentially provide a resource effective way to probe both the topology and strength of the magnetic f
ield. However, to do so with confidence, the physics and variability of the alignment mechanisms must be quantitatively understood. The last 15 years has seen major advancements in both the theoretical and observational understanding of this problem. I here review the current state of the observational constraints on the grain alignment physics. While none of the three classes of proposed grain alignment theories: mechanical, paramagnetic relaxation and radiative alignment torque, can be viewed as having been empirically confirmed, the first two have failed some critical observational tests, whereas the latter has recently been given specific observational support and must now be viewed as the leading candidate.
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