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We present the first observations of emission lines of CN(2-1), HCO$^{+}$(3-2) and C$_{2}$H(3-2) in the Perseus cluster. We observed at two positions: directly at the central galaxy, NGC 1275 and also at a position about 20$$ to the east where associated filamentary structure has been shown to have strong CO emission. Clear detections in CN and HCO$^{+}$ transitions and a weak detection of the C$_{2}$H transition were made towards NGC 1275, while weak detections of CN and HCO$^{+}$ were made towards the eastern filamentary structure. Crude estimates of the column densities and fractional abundances (mostly upper limits) as functions of an unknown rotational temperature were made to both sources. These observational data were compared with the outputs of thermal/chemical models previously published by citet{Baye10c} in an attempt to constrain the heating mechanisms in cluster gas. We find that models in which heating is dominated by cosmic rays can account for the molecular observations. This conclusion is consistent with that of citet{Ferl09} in their study of gas traced by optical and infrared radiation. The cosmic ray heating rate in the regions probed by molecular emissions is required to be at least two orders of magnitude larger than that in the Milky Way.
We have carried out 12CO(J =2-1) and 12CO(J =3-2) observations at spatial resolutions of 1.0-3.8 pc toward the entirety of loops 1 and 2 and part of loop 3 in the Galactic center with NANTEN2 and ASTE. These new results revealed detailed distribution
The workhorse of atomic physics, quantum electrodynamics, is one of the best-tested theories in physics. However recent discrepancies have shed doubt on its accuracy for complex atomic systems. To facilitate the development of the theory further we a
The 1-2-3 Conjecture, posed by Karo{n}ski, {L}uczak and Thomason, asked whether every connected graph $G$ different from $K_2$ can be 3-edge-weighted so that every two adjacent vertices of $G$ get distinct sums of incident weights. The 1-2 Conjecture
The past few years have witnessed increased attention to the quest for Majorana-like excitations in the condensed matter community. As a promising candidate in this race, the one-dimensional chiral Majorana edge mode (CMEM) in topological insulator-s
Isotope shifts of the 2$p_{3/2}$-2$p_{1/2}$ transition in B-like ions are evaluated for a wide range of the nuclear charge number: Z=8-92. The calculations of the relativistic nuclear recoil and nuclear size effects are performed using a large scale