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It has been predicted that superconducting vortices should be electrically charged and that this effect is particularly enhanced for, high temperature superconductors.cite{kho95,bla96} Hall effectcite{hag91} and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experimentscite{kum01} suggest the existence of vortex charging, but the effects are small and the interpretation controversial. Here we show that the Abrikosov vortex lattice, characteristic of the mixed state of superconductors, will become unstable at sufficiently high magnetic field if there is charge trapped on the vortex core. Our NMR measurements of the magnetic fields generated by vortices in Bi$_{2}$Sr$_{2}$CaCu$_{2}$O$_{8+y}$ single crystalscite{che07} provide evidence for an electrostatically driven vortex lattice reconstruction with the magnitude of charge on each vortex pancake of $mathbf{sim 2}$x$mathbf{10^{-3} e}$, depending on doping, in line with theoretical estimates.cite{kho95,kna05}
The magnetic penetration depth anisotropy $gamma_lambda=lambda_{c}/lambda_{ab}$ ($lambda_{ab}$ and $lambda_{c}$ are the in-plane and the out-of-plane components of the magnetic penetration depth) in a CaKFe$_4$As$_4$ single crystal sample (the critic
The analysis of nonclassical rotational response of superfluids and superconductors was performed by Onsager (in 1949) cite{Onsager} and London (in 1950) cite{London} and crucially advanced by Feynman (in 1955) cite{Feynman}. It was established that,
Measurements of the $^{17}$O nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) quadrupolar spectrum of apical oxygen in HgBa$_{2}$CuO$_{4+delta}$ were performed over a range of magnetic fields from 6.4 to 30,T in the superconducting state. Oxygen isotope exchanged si
The helical electron states on the surface of topological insulators or elemental Bismuth become unstable toward superconducting pairing formation when coupled to the charge or magnetic fluctuations. The latter gives rise to pairing instability in ch
Charge doping of iron-pnictide superconductors leads to collective pinning of flux vortices, whereas isovalent doping does not. Moreover, flux pinning in the charge-doped compounds is consistently described by the mean-free path fluctuations introduc