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We discuss two different ways of chromosomes and genomes evolution. Purifying selection dominates in large panmictic populations, where Mendelian law of independent gene assortment is valid. If the populations are small, recombination processes are not effective enough to ensure an independent assortment of linked genes and larger clusters of genes could be inherited as the genetic units. There are whole clusters of genes which tend to complement in such conditions instead of single pairs of alleles like in the case of purifying selection. Computer simulations have shown that switching in-between complementation and purification strategies has a character of a phase transition. This is also responsible for specific distribution of recombination events observed along eukaryotic chromosomes - higher recombination rate is observed in subtelomeric regions than in central parts of chromosomes - for sympatric speciation and probably for non-monotonous relation between reproduction potential and genetic distance between parents.
The role of positive selection in human evolution remains controversial. On the one hand, scans for positive selection have identified hundreds of candidate loci and the genome-wide patterns of polymorphism show signatures consistent with frequent po
How cooperation emerges in human societies is still a puzzle. Evolutionary game theory has been the standard framework to address this issue. In most models, every individual plays with all others, and then reproduce and die according to what they ea
Tumors often contain multiple subpopulations of cancerous cells defined by distinct somatic mutations. We describe a new method, PhyloWGS, that can be applied to WGS data from one or more tumor samples to reconstruct complete genotypes of these subpo
We scanned through the genomes of 29,141 African Americans, searching for loci where the average proportion of African ancestry deviates significantly from the genome-wide average. We failed to find any genome-wide significant deviations, and conclud