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تسجيل مستخدم جديدReply to Comment on Quantum Entangled Dark Solitons formed by Ultracold Atoms in Optical Lattices
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We reply to Jacek Dziarmaga, Piotr Deuar, and Krzysztof Sachas comment, arXiv:1001.1045, supporting the authors simulations but differentiating between near-mean-field and strongly quantum regimes. We clarify that we have three lines of evidence on decay of dark solitons and connect our work to Liebs Type-II excitations and the true meaning of a quantum dark soliton.
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Critical behavior developed near a quantum phase transition, interesting in its own right, offers exciting opportunities to explore the universality of strongly-correlated systems near the ground state. Cold atoms in optical lattices, in particular,
represent a paradigmatic system, for which the quantum phase transition between the superfluid and Mott insulator states can be externally induced by tuning the microscopic parameters. In this paper, we describe our approach to study quantum criticality of cesium atoms in a two-dimensional lattice based on in situ density measurements. Our research agenda involves testing critical scaling of thermodynamic observables and extracting transport properties in the quantum critical regime. We present and discuss experimental progress on both fronts. In particular, the thermodynamic measurement suggests that the equation of state near the critical point follows the predicted scaling law at low temperatures.
As the temperature of a many-body system approaches absolute zero, thermal fluctuations of observables cease and quantum fluctuations dominate. Competition between different energies, such as kinetic energy, interactions or thermodynamic potentials,
can induce a quantum phase transition between distinct ground states. Near a continuous quantum phase transition, the many-body system is quantum critical, exhibiting scale invariant and universal collective behavior cite{Coleman05Nat, Sachdev99QPT}. Quantum criticality has been actively pursued in the study of a broad range of novel materials cite{vdMarel03Nat, Lohneysen07rmp, G08NatPhys, Sachdev08NatPhys}, and can invoke new insights beyond the Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson paradigm of critical phenomena cite{Senthil04prb}. It remains a challenging task, however, to directly and quantitatively verify predictions of quantum criticality in a clean and controlled system. Here we report the observation of quantum critical behavior in a two-dimensional Bose gas in optical lattices near the vacuum-to-superfluid quantum phase transition. Based on textit{in situ} density measurements, we observe universal scaling of the equation of state at sufficiently low temperatures, locate the quantum critical point, and determine the critical exponents. The universal scaling laws also allow determination of thermodynamic observables. In particular, we observe a finite entropy per particle in the critical regime, which only weakly depends on the atomic interaction. Our experiment provides a prototypical method to study quantum criticality with ultracold atoms, and prepares the essential tools for further study on quantum critical dynamics.
Scalable, coherent many-body systems can enable the realization of previously unexplored quantum phases and have the potential to exponentially speed up information processing. Thermal fluctuations are negligible and quantum effects govern the behavi
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This is the reply to the comment arXiv:0801.4620 by Vidal, Dusuel, and Schmidt.
Over the last years the exciting developments in the field of ultracold atoms confined in optical lattices have led to numerous theoretical proposals devoted to the quantum simulation of problems e.g. known from condensed matter physics. Many of thos
e ideas demand for experimental environments with non-cubic lattice geometries. In this paper we report on the implementation of a versatile three-beam lattice allowing for the generation of triangular as well as hexagonal optical lattices. As an important step the superfluid-Mott insulator (SF-MI) quantum phase transition has been observed and investigated in detail in this lattice geometry for the first time. In addition to this we study the physics of spinor Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) in the presence of the triangular optical lattice potential, especially spin changing dynamics across the SF-MI transition. Our results suggest that below the SF-MI phase transition, a well-established mean-field model describes the observed data when renormalizing the spin-dependent interaction. Interestingly this opens new perspectives for a lattice driven tuning of a spin dynamics resonance occurring through the interplay of quadratic Zeeman effect and spin-dependent interaction. We finally discuss further lattice configurations which can be realized with our setup.
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