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Time-distance helioseismology and related techniques show great promise for probing the structure and dynamics of the subphotospheric layers of the Sun. Indeed time-distance helioseismology has already been applied to make inferences about structures and flows under sunspots and active regions, to map long-lived convective flow patterns, and so on. Yet certainly there are still many inadequacies in the current approaches and, as the data get better and the questions we seek to address get more subtle, methods that were previously regarded as adequate are no longer acceptable. Here we give a short and partial description of outstanding problems in local helioseismology, using time-distance helioseismology as a guiding example.
We discuss current advances in forward and inverse modeling for local helioseismology. We report theoretical uniqueness results, in particular the Novikov-Agaltsov reconstruction algorithm, which is relevant to solving the non-linear inverse problem
Near-surface flows measured by the ring-diagram technique of local helioseismology show structures that persist over multiple rotations. We examine these phenomena using data from the {em Global Oscillation Network Group} (GONG) and the {em Helioseis
The Sun supports a rich spectrum of internal waves that are continuously excited by turbulent convection. The GONG network and the MDI/SOHO space instrument provide an exceptional data base of spatially-resolved observations of solar oscillations, co
PICARD is a CNES micro-satellite launched in June 2010 (Thuillier at al. 2006). Its main goal is to measure the solar shape, total and spectral irradiance during the ascending phase of the activity cycle. The SODISM telescope onboard PICARD also allo
The great success of Helioseismology resides in the remarkable progress achieved in the understanding of the structure and dynamics of the solar interior. This success mainly relies on the ability to conceive, implement, and operate specific instrume