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We used the quantitative theory of solubility of karst rocks of Shopov et. al, (1989, 1991a) in dependence of the temperature and other thermodynamic parameters to make reconstructions of past carbonate denudation rates. This theory produced equations assessing the carbonate denudation rates in dependence on the temperature or on the precipitation. We estimated the averaged denudation rate in the region to 14 mm/kyr or 38 t/km2 per year. We used this estimate as starting point and substituted our proxy records of the annual temperature and the annual precipitation in the equations of dependence of karst denudation rate on precipitation and temperature. This way we reconstructed variations of the annual karst denudation rate for the last 280 years in dependence on the annual precipitation and for the last 1250 years in dependence on the temperature. Both reconstructions produce quite reasonable estimate of the variations of carbonate denudation, which is within observed variation of 8- 20 mm/kyr (86% variation). Precipitation dependence of carbonate denudation produces 79 % variation in the denudation rate in result of the reconstructed variation of 300 mm/yr from the driest to the wettest year during the last 280 years. Temperature dependence of carbonate denudation due to temperature dependence of solubility of the carbonate dioxide produce only 9.3% variation in the denudation rate in result of the reconstructed variation of 4.7 deg. C during the last 1250 years, so it is negligible in respect of the precipitation dependence.
Daily rainfall extremes and annual totals have increased in large parts of the global land area over the last decades. These observations are consistent with theoretical considerations of a warming climate. However, until recently these global tenden
The Arctic sea ice represents an important energy reservoir for the climate of the northern hemisphere. The shrinking of the polar ice in the past decades decreases the stored energy and raises serious concerns about future climate changes.[1-4] Mode
The growing concentrations of the greenhouse gases CO2, CH4 and N2O (GHG) in the atmosphere are often considered as the dominant cause for the global warming during the past decades. The reported temperature data however do not display a simple corre
The importance of snow cover and ice extent in the Northern Hemisphere was recognized by various authors leading to a positive feedback of surface reflectivity on climate. In fact, the retreat of Arctic sea ice is accompanied by enhanced solar input
We report an empirical determination of the probability density functions $P_{text{data}}(r)$ of the number $r$ of earthquakes in finite space-time windows for the California catalog. We find a stable power law tail $P_{text{data}}(r) sim 1/r^{1+mu}$