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Tidal Dwarf Galaxies, Accretion Tails, and `Beads on a String in the `Spirals, Bridges, and Tails Interacting Galaxy Survey

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 نشر من قبل Beverly J. Smith
 تاريخ النشر 2009
  مجال البحث فيزياء
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 تأليف Beverly J. Smith




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We have used the GALEX ultraviolet telescope to study stellar populations and star formation morphology in a well-defined sample of more than three dozen nearby optically-selected pre-merger interacting galaxy pairs. We have combined the GALEX NUV and FUV images with broadband optical maps from the Sloan Digitized Sky Survey to investigate the ages and extinctions of the tidal features and the disks. We have identified a few new candidate tidal dwarf galaxies in this sample, as well as other interesting morphologies such as accretion tails, `beads on a string, and `hinge clumps. In only a few cases are strong tidal features seen in HI maps but not in GALEX.

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We present Spitzer mid-infrared images from a survey of three dozen pre-merger strongly interacting galaxy pairs selected from the Arp Atlas. The global mid-infrared colors of these galaxies and their tidal tails and bridges are similar to those of n ormal spiral galaxies, thus this optically selected sample of interacting galaxies does not have strongly enhanced normalized star formation rates in their disks or tidal features. Despite distortion and disturbance these systems continue to form stars at a normal rate on average. The morphology of these galaxies is generally smoother in the shorter wavelength IRAC bands than at 8 $mu$m, where dozens of clumps of star formation are detected.
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We have used the GALEX ultraviolet telescope to study stellar populations and star formation morphology in a well-defined sample of 42 nearby optically-selected pre-merger interacting galaxy pairs. Galaxy interactions were likely far more common in t he early Universe than in the present, thus our study provides a nearby well-resolved comparison sample for high redshift studies. We have combined the GALEX NUV and FUV images with broadband optical maps from the Sloan Digitized Sky Survey to investigate the ages and extinctions of the tidal features and the disks. The distributions of the UV/optical colors of the tidal features and the main disks of the galaxies are similar, however, the tidal features are bluer on average in NUV - g when compared with their own parent disks, thus tails and bridges are often more prominent relative to the disks in UV images compared to optical maps. This effect is likely due to enhanced star formation in the tidal features compared to the disks rather than reduced extinction, however, lower metallicities may also play a role. We have identified a few new candidate tidal dwarf galaxies in this sample. Other interesting morphologies such as accretion tails and `beads on a string are also seen in these images. We also identify a possible `Taffy galaxy in our sample, which may have been produced by a head-on collision between two galaxies. In only a few cases are strong tidal features seen in HI maps but not in GALEX.
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We present Spitzer mid-infrared imaging of a sample of 35 tidally-distorted pre-merger interacting galaxy pairs selected from the Arp Atlas. We compare their global mid-infrared properties with those of normal galaxies from the SINGS Spitzer Legacy s urvey, and separate the disk emission from that of the tidal features. The [8.0 micron] - [24 micron], [3.6 micron] - [24 micron], and [5.8 micron] - [8.0 micron] colors of these optically-selected interacting galaxies are redder on average than those of spirals, implying enhancements to the mass-normalized star formation rates (SFRs) of a factor of ~2. Furthermore, the 24 micron emission in the Arp galaxies is more centrally concentrated than that in the spirals, suggesting that gas is being concentrated into the inner regions and fueling central star formation. No significant differences can be discerned in the shorter wavelength Spitzer colors of the Arp galaxies compared to the spirals, thus these quantities are less sensitive to star formation enhancements. No strong trend of Spitzer color with pair separation is visible in our sample; this may be because our sample was selected to be tidally disturbed. The tidal features contribute <10% of the total Spitzer fluxes on average. The SFRs implied for the Arp galaxies by the Spitzer 24 micron luminosities are relatively modest, ~1 M(sun)/yr on average.
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