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The multipole moments method is not only an aid to understand the deformation of the space-time, but also an effective tool to solve the approximate solutions of the Einstein field equation. However, The usual multipole moments are recursively defined by a sequence of symmetric and trace-free tensors, which are inconvenient for practical resolution. In this paper, we develop a simple procedure to generate the series solutions, and propose a method to identify the free parameters by taking the Schwarzschild metric as a standard ruler. Some well known examples are analyzed and compared with the series solutions.
The cosmological constant problem is the principal obstacle in the attempt to interpret dark energy as the quantum vacuum energy. We suggest that the obstacle can be removed, i.e. that the cosmological constant problem can be resolved by assuming tha
A quantum vacuum, represented by a viscous fluid, is added to the Einstein vacuum, surrounding a spherical distribution of mass. This gives as a solution, in spherical coordinates, a Schwarzschild-like metric. The plot of g00 and g11 components of th
In this paper, we provide a procedure to solve the eigen solutions of Dirac equation with complicated potential approximately. At first, we solve the eigen solutions of a linear Dirac equation with complete eigen system, which approximately equals to
There is no an exact solution to three-dimensional (3D) finite-size Ising model (referred to as the Ising model hereafter for simplicity) and even two-dimensional (2D) Ising model with non-zero external field to our knowledge. Here by using an elemen
A physical process of the gravitational redshift was described in an earlier paper (Wilhelm & Dwivedi 2014) that did not require any information for the emitting atom neither on the local gravitational potential U nor on the speed of light c. Althoug