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The outbursts of low mass X-ray binaries are prolonged relative to those of dwarf nova cataclysmic variables as a consequence of X-ray irradiation of the disc. We show that the time-scale of the decay light curve and its luminosity at a characteristic time are linked to the radius of the accretion disc. Hence a good X-ray light curve permits two independent estimates of the disc radius. In the case of the millisecond pulsars SAX J1808.4-3658 and XTE J0929-314 the agreement between these estimates is very strong. Our analysis allows new determinations of distances and accretion disc radii. Our analysis will allow determination of accretion disc radii for sources in external galaxies, and hence constrain system parameters where other observational techniques are not possible. We also use the X-ray light curves to estimate the mass transfer rate. The broken exponential decay observed in the 2002 outburst of SAX J1808.4-3658 may be caused by the changing self-shadowing of the disc.
Nuclear-powered X-ray millisecond pulsars are the third type of millisecond pulsars, which are powered by thermonuclear fusion processes. The corresponding brightness oscillations, known as burst oscillations, are observed during some thermonuclear X
Neutron Stars are among the most exotic objects in the Universe. A neutron star, with a mass of 1.4-2 Solar masses within a radius of about 10-15 km, is the most compact stable configuration of matter in which degeneracy pressure can still balance gr
NICER observed several rotation-powered millisecond pulsars to search for or confirm the presence of X-ray pulsations. When broad and sine-like, these pulsations may indicate thermal emission from hot polar caps at the magnetic poles on the neutron s
Accreting millisecond X-ray pulsars are known to provide a wealth of physical information during their successive states of outburst and quiescence. Based on the observed spin-up and spin-down rates of these objects it is possible, among other things
Accreting Millisecond X-Ray Pulsars (AMXPs) are astrophysical laboratories without parallel in the study of extreme physics. In this chapter we review the past fifteen years of discoveries in the field. We summarize the observations of the fifteen kn