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تسجيل مستخدم جديدIn-situ measurement of the permittivity of helium using microwave NbN resonators
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By measuring the electrical transport properties of superconducting NbN quarter-wave resonators in direct contact with a helium bath, we have demonstrated a high-speed and spatially sensitive sensor for the permittivity of helium. In our implementation a $sim10^{-3}$ mm$^3$ sensing volume is measured with a bandwidth of 300 kHz in the temperature range 1.8 to 8.8 K. The minimum detectable change of the permittivity of helium is calculated to be $sim6times$$10^{-11}$ $epsilon_0$/Hz$^{1/2}$ with a sensitivity of order $10^{-13}$ $epsilon_0$/Hz$^{1/2}$ easily achievable. Potential applications include operation as a fast, localized helium thermometer and as a transducer in superfluid hydrodynamic experiments.
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