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تسجيل مستخدم جديدIntroductory Lectures on String Theory
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تأليف
A.A. Tseytlin
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We give an elementary introduction to classical and quantum bosonic string theory.
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We present a conceptually clear introduction to quantum theory at a level suitable for exceptional high-school students. It is entirely self-contained and no university-level background knowledge is required. The lectures were given over four days, f
our hours each day, as part of the International Summer School for Young Physicists (ISSYP) at Perimeter Institute, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. On the first day the students were given all the relevant mathematical background from linear algebra and probability theory. On the second day, we used the acquired mathematical tools to define the full quantum theory in the case of a finite Hilbert space and discuss some consequences such as entanglement, Bells theorem and the uncertainty principle. Finally, on days three and four we presented an overview of advanced topics related to infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces, including canonical and path integral quantization, the quantum harmonic oscillator, quantum field theory, the Standard Model, and quantum gravity.
In string models with brane supersymmetry breaking exponential potentials emerge at (closed-string) tree level but are not accompanied by tachyons. Potentials of this type have long been a source of embarrassment in flat space, but can have interesti
ng implications for Cosmology. For instance, in ten dimensions the logarithmic slope |V/V| lies precisely at a critical value where the Lucchin--Matarrese attractor disappears while the scalar field is emph{forced} to climb up the potential when it emerges from the Big Bang. This type of behavior is in principle perturbative in the string coupling, persists after compactification, could have trapped scalar fields inside potential wells as a result of the cosmological evolution and could have also injected the inflationary phase of our Universe.
These lecture notes introduce the multiple membrane theories known as BLG and ABJM. We assume the reader is familiar with string theory, but not with M-theory, 11-dimensional supergravity or membranes. We therefore start with a background on M-theory
and its extended objects before discussing BLG and ABJM. The link to string theory via dimensional reduction will be maintained throughout.
These lectures give an introduction to the interrelated topics of Calabi-Yau compactification of the type II string, black hole attractors, the all-orders entropy formula, the dual (0,4) CFT, topological strings and the OSV conjecture. Based on notes
by MG of lectures by AS at the 2006 Cargese summer school.
These lectures provide an updated pedagogical treatment of the theoretical structure and phenomenology of some basic mechanisms for inflation, along with an overview of the structure of cosmological uplifts of holographic duality. A full treatment of
the problem requires `ultraviolet completion because of the sensitivity of inflation to quantum gravity effects, including back reaction and non-adiabatic production of heavy degrees of freedom. Cosmological observations imply accelerated expansion of the late universe, and provide increasingly precise constraints and discovery potential on the amplitude and shape of primordial tensor and scalar perturbations, and some of their correlation functions. Most backgrounds of string theory have positive potential energy, with a rich but still highly constrained landscape of solutions. The theory contains novel mechanisms for inflation, some subject to significant observational tests. Although the detailed ultraviolet completion is not accessible experimentally, some of these mechanisms directly stimulate a more systematic analysis of the space of low energy theories and signatures relevant for analysis of data, which is sensitive to physics orders of magnitude above the energy scale of inflation as a result of long time evolution (dangerous irrelevance) and the substantial amount of data. Portions of these lectures appeared previously in Les Houches 2013, Post-Planck Cosmology .
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