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In parametric sequence alignment, optimal alignments of two sequences are computed as a function of the penalties for mismatches and spaces, producing many different optimal alignments. Here we give a 3/(2^{7/3}pi^{2/3})n^{2/3} +O(n^{1/3} log n) lower bound on the maximum number of distinct optimal alignment summaries of length-n binary sequences. This shows that the upper bound given by Gusfield et. al. is tight over all alphabets, thereby disproving the square root of n conjecture. Thus the maximum number of distinct optimal alignment summaries (i.e. vertices of the alignment polytope) over all pairs of length-n sequences is Theta(n^{2/3}).
We present a combined mean-field and simulation approach to different models describing the dynamics of classes formed by elements that can appear, disappear or copy themselves. These models, related to a paradigm duplication-innovation model known a
Let $(X, mathcal{B},mu,T)$ be an ergodic measure preserving system, $A in mathcal{B}$ and $epsilon>0$. We study the largeness of sets of the form begin{equation*} begin{split} S = left{ ninmathbb{N}colonmu(Acap T^{-f_1(n)}Acap T^{-f_2(n)}Acapldotscap
Much evolutionary information is stored in the fluctuations of protein length distributions. The genome size and non-coding DNA content can be calculated based only on the protein length distributions. So there is intrinsic relationship between the c
The Cambrian explosion is a grand challenge to science today and involves multidisciplinary study. This event is generally believed as a result of genetic innovations, environmental factors and ecological interactions, even though there are many conf
We study the space complexity of sketching cuts and Laplacian quadratic forms of graphs. We show that any data structure which approximately stores the sizes of all cuts in an undirected graph on $n$ vertices up to a $1+epsilon$ error must use $Omega