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Since the discovery of the accelerated expansion of the universe, it was necessary to introduce a new component of matter distribution called dark energy. The standard cosmological model considers isotropy of the pressure and assumes an equation of state $p=omega rho$, relating the pressure $p$ and the energy density $rho$. The interval of the parameter $omega$ defines the kind of matter of the universe, related to the fulfillment, or not, of the energy conditions of the fluid. The recent interest in this kind of fluid with anisotropic pressure, in the scenario of the gravitational collapse and star formation, imposes a carefull analysis of the energy conditions and the role of the components of the pressure. Here, in this work, we show an example where the classification of dark energy for isotropic pressure fluids is used incorrectly for anisotropic fluids. The correct classification and its consequences are presented.
In the context of the dark energy scenario, the Einstein Yang-Mills Higgs model in the SO(3) representation was studied for the first time by M. Rinaldi (see JCAP 1510, 023 (2015)) in a homogeneous and isotropic spacetime. We revisit this model, find
In the context of quintessence, the inclusion of new degrees of freedoms to the matter sector might produce additional imprints on cosmological observables while keeping the scalar field responsible for the quintessence and the standard matter minima
We use observational data from Supernovae (SNIa) Pantheon sample, as well as from direct measurements of the Hubble parameter from the cosmic chronometers (CC) sample, in order to extract constraints on the scenario of Barrow holographic dark energy.
Dark energy/matter unification is first demonstrated within the framework of a simplified model. Geodetic evolution of a cosmological constant dominated bubble Universe, free of genuine matter, is translated into a specific FRW cosmology whose effe
In light of the cosmological observations, we investigate dark energy models from the Horndeski theory of gravity. In particular, we consider cosmological models with the derivative self-interaction of the scalar field and the derivative coupling bet