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The orientation fluctuations of the director of a liquid crystal are measured, by a sensitive polarization interferometer, close to the Freedericksz transition, which is a second order transition driven by an electric field. We show that near the critical value of the field the spatially averaged order parameter has a generalized Gumbel distribution instead of a Gaussian one. The latter is recovered away from the critical point. The relevance of slow modes is pointed out. The parameter of generalized Gumbel is related to the effective number of degrees of freedom.
An effective Finite-Size Scaling (FSS) of moment products from recent STAR measurements of the variance $sigma$, skewness $S$ and kurtosis $kappa$ of net-proton multiplicity distributions, are reported for a broad range of collision centralities in A
The critical Casimir force (CCF) arises from confining fluctuations in a critical fluid and thus it is a fluctuating quantity itself. While the mean CCF is universal, its (static) variance has previously been found to depend on the microscopic detail
We analyze the structure of fluctuations near critical points and spinodals in mean-field and near-mean-field systems. Unlike systems that are non-mean-field, for which a fluctuation can be represented by a single cluster in a properly chosen percola
We study the dynamical response of a system to a sudden change of the tuning parameter $lambda$ starting (or ending) at the quantum critical point. In particular we analyze the scaling of the excitation probability, number of excited quasiparticles,
Landau theory is used to investigate the behaviour of a metallic magnet driven towards a quantum critical point by the application of pressure. The observed dependence of the transition temperature with pressure is used to show that the coupling of t