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تسجيل مستخدم جديدStrong influence of precursor powder on the critical current density of Fe-sheathed MgB2 tapes
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The effect of the quality of starting powders on the microstructure and superconducting properties of in-situ processed Fe-sheathed MgB2 tapes has been investigated. Three different types of commercial atomized spherical magnesium powder and two different purities of amorphous boron powder were employed. When using the 10-micrometre magnesium as precursor powders, the Mg reacted with boron more uniformly and quickly, thus the uniformity of the fabricated MgB2 was improved and the grain size of the MgB2 was decreased, hence significant critical current density (Jc) enhancements were achieved for MgB2 tapes. Jc at 4.2 K for MgB2 tapes made from the 10 um Mg and high purity boron powders was at least a factor of ten higher than values measured for MgB2 samples made from all other starting powders. At 20 K, 5 T, the typical Jc values of the tapes were over 1.0x10^4 A/cm^2 and were much better than those of tape samples reported recently.
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The influence of the nature of the boron precursor on the superconducting properties of polycrystalline MgB2 was studied. Critical current densities for the MgB2 made from high purity amorphous boron are at least a factor of three higher than typical
values measured for standard MgB2 samples made from amorphous precursors. Two possible mechanisms are proposed to account for this difference. Samples made from crystalline boron powders have around an order of magnitude lower Jc compared to those made from amorphous precursors. X-ray, Tc and resistivity studies indicate that this is as a result of reduced current cross section due to the formation of Mg-B-O phases. The samples made from amorphous B contain far fewer Mg-B-O phases than crystalline B despite the fact that the amorphous B contains more B2O3. The different reactivity rates of the precursor powders accounts for this anomaly.
Ex-situ Powder-In-Tube MgB2 tapes prepared with ball-milled, undoped powders showed a strong enhancement of the irreversibility field H*, the upper critical field Hc2 and the critical current density Jc(H) together with the suppression of the anisotr
opy of all of these quantities. Jc reached 104 A/cm2 at 4.2 K and 10 T, with an irreversibility field of about 14 T at 4.2 K, and Hc2 of 9 T at 25 K, high values for not-doped MgB2. The enhanced Jc and H* values are associated with significant grain refinement produced by milling of the MgB2 powder, which enhances grain boundary pinning, although at the same time also reducing the connectivity from about 12% to 8%. Although enhanced pinning and diminished connectivity are in opposition, the overall influence of ball milling on Jc is positive because the increased density of grains with a size comparable with the mean free path produces strong electron scattering that substantially increases Hc2, especially Hc2 perpendicular to the Mg and B planes.
MgB2/Fe tapes with 2.5-15 at.% ZrB2 additions were prepared through the in situ powder-in-tube method. Compared to the pure tape, a significant improvement in the in-field critical current density Jc was observed, most notably for 10 at.% doping, whi
le the critical temperature decreased slightly. At 4.2 K, the transport Jc for the 10 at.% doped sample increased by more than an order of magnitude than the undoped one in magnetic fields above 9 T. Nanoscale segregates or defects caused by the ZrB2 additions which act as effective flux pinning centers are proposed to be the main reason for the improved Jc field performance.
A significant enhancement of Jc and Hirr in MgB2 tapes has been achieved by the in situ powder-in-tube method utilizing hollow carbon spheres (HCS) as dopants. At 4.2 K, the transport Jc for the 850C sintered samples reached 3.1x10^4, and 1.4x10^4 A/
cm^2 at 10 and 12 T, respectively, and were better than those of optimal nano-SiC doped tapes. Furthermore, the Hirr for doped sample was raised up to 16.8 T at 10 K due to the carbon substitution effect. The results demonstrate that HCS is one of the most promising dopants besides nano-carbon and SiC for the enhancement of current capacity for MgB2 in high fields.
The DC magnetization and AC complex magnetic susceptibilities were measured for MgB2 single crystals, unsubstituted and carbon substituted with the composition of Mg(B_0.94C_0.06)2. The measurements were performed in AC and DC magnetic fields oriente
d parallel to the c-axis of the crystals. From the DC magnetization loops and the AC susceptibility measurements, critical current densities (Jc) were derived as a function of temperature and the DC and AC magnetic fields. Results show that the substitution with carbon decreases Jc at low magnetic fields, opposite to the well known effect of an increase of Jc at higher fields. AC magnetic losses were derived from the AC susceptibility data as a function of amplitude and the DC bias magnetic field. The AC losses were determined for temperatures of 0.6 and 0.7 of the transition temperature Tc, so close to the boiling points of LH2 and LNe, potential cooling media for magnesium diboride based composites. The results are analyzed and discussed in the context of the critical state model.
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