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The experimental technique of fluorescence light observation is used in current and planned air shower experiments that aim at understanding the origin of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. In the fluorescence technique, the geometry of the shower is reconstructed based on the correlation between viewing angle and arrival time of the signals detected by the telescope. The signals are compared to those expected for different shower geometries and the best-fit geometry is determined. The calculation of the expected signals is usually based on a relatively simple function which is motivated by basic geometrical considerations. This function is based on certain assumptions on the processes of light emission and propagation through the atmosphere. For instance, the fluorescence light is assumed to propagate with vacuum speed of light. We investigate the validity of these assumptions and provide corrections that can be used in the geometry reconstruction. The impact on reconstruction parameters is studied. The results are also relevant for hybrid observations where the shower is registered simultaneously by fluorescence and surface detectors.
The experimental technique of fluorescence light observation is used in current and planned air shower experiments that aim at understanding the origin of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. In the fluorescence technique, the geometry of the shower is rec
Gamma Ray Bursts are being searched in many ground based experiments detecting the high energy component (GeV $div$ TeV energy range) of the photon bursts. In this paper, Fluorescence Detectors are considered as possible candidate devices for these s
Absolute calibration of the Pierre Auger Observatory fluorescence detectors uses a light source at the telescope aperture. The technique accounts for the ombined effects of all detector components in a single measurement. The calibrated 2.5 m diamete
Space-based ultra-high-energy cosmic ray detectors observe fluorescence light from extensive air showers produced by these particles in the troposphere. Clouds can scatter and absorb this light and produce systematic errors in energy determination an
We present ARCH++, an image-based method to reconstruct 3D avatars with arbitrary clothing styles. Our reconstructed avatars are animation-ready and highly realistic, in both the visible regions from input views and the unseen regions. While prior wo