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In this paper we present quantum-like (QL) representation of the Shafir-Tversky statistical effect. We apply so called contextual approach. The Shafir-Tversky effect is considered as a consequence of combination of a number of incompatible contexts which are involved e.g. in Prisoners Dilemma or in more general games inducing the disjunction effect. As a consequence, the law of total probability is violated for experimental data obtained by Shafir and Tversky (1992) as well as Tversky and Shafir (1992). Moreover, we can find a numerical measure of contextual incompatibility (so called coefficient of interference) as well as represent contexts which are involved in Prisoners Dilemma (PD) by probability amplitudes -- normalized vectors (``mental wave functions). We remark that statistical data from Shafir and Tversky (1992) and Tversky and Shafir (1992) experiments differ crucially from the point of view of mental interference. The second one exhibits the conventional trigonometric ($cos$-type) interference, but the first one exhibits so called hyperbolic ($cosh$-type) interference. We discuss QL processing of information by cognitive systems, in particular, QL decision making as well as classical and QL rationality.
In this paper we present a simple algorithm for representation of statistical data of any origin by complex probability amplitudes. Numerical simulation with Mathematica-6 is performed. The Blochs sphere is used for visualization of results of numeri
We present a conceptually new approach to describe state-of-the-art photonic quantum experiments using Graph Theory. There, the quantum states are given by the coherent superpositions of perfect matchings. The crucial observation is that introducing
We derive a new algorithm for computing the action $f(A)V$ of the cosine, sine, hyperbolic cosine, and hyperbolic sine of a matrix $A$ on a matrix $V$, without first computing $f(A)$. The algorithm can compute $cos(A)V$ and $sin(A)V$ simultaneously,
A quantum vacuum, represented by a viscous fluid, is added to the Einstein vacuum, surrounding a spherical distribution of mass. This gives as a solution, in spherical coordinates, a Schwarzschild-like metric. The plot of g00 and g11 components of th
Recent experimental reports of super-luminal velocity neutrinos moving between Geneva and Gran Sasso in no way contradict the special relativity considerations of conventional quantum field theory. A neutrino exchanged between Geneva and Gran Sasso i