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Elliptical galaxies probably host the most metal rich stellar populations in the Universe. The processes leading to both the formation and the evolution of such stars are discussed by means of a new gas dynamical model which implements detailed chemical evolution prescriptions. Moreover, the radial variations in the metallicity distribution of these stars are investigated by means of G-dwarf-like diagrams. By comparing model predictions with observations, we derive a picture of galaxy formation in which the higher is the mass of the galaxy, the shorter are the infall and the star formation timescales. The galaxies seem to have formed outside-in, namely the most external regions accrete gas, form stars and develop a galactic wind very quickly (a few Myr) compared to the central core, where the star formation can last up to 1 Gyr. We show for the first time a model able in reproducing the mass-metallicity and the color-magnitude relations as well as the radial metallicity gradient, and, at the same time, the observed either positive or negative slopes in the [alpha/Fe] abundace ratio gradient in stars.
During the last three decades, many papers have reported the existence of a luminosity-metallicity or mass-metallicity (M-Z) relation for all kinds of galaxies: The more massive galaxies are also the ones with more metal-rich interstellar medium. We
Gaia will provide parallaxes and proper motions with accuracy ranging from 10 to 1000 microarcsecond on up to one billion stars. Most of these will be disk stars: for an unreddened K giant at 6 kpc, it will measure the distance accurate to 15% and th
Topical phenomena in high-energy physics related to collision experiments of heavy nuclei (Little Bang) and early universe cosmology (Big Bang) involve far-from-equilibrium dynamics described by quantum field theory. One example concerns the role of
This review focuses on the current status of lattice calculations of three observables which are both phenomenologically and experimentally relevant and have been scrutinized recently. These three observables are the nucleon electromagnetic form fact
Planck data has not found the smoking gun of non-Gaussianity that would have necessitated consideration of inflationary models beyond the simplest canonical single field scenarios. This raises the important question of what these results do imply for