اشترك بالحزمة الذهبية واحصل على وصول غير محدود شمرا أكاديميا
تسجيل مستخدم جديدElectric-field-induced displacement of a charged spherical colloid embedded in an elastic Brinkman medium
168
0
0.0
(
0
)
اسأل ChatGPT حول البحث
ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
When an electric field is applied to an electrolyte-saturated polymer gel embedded with charged colloidal particles, the force that must be exerted by the hydrogel on each particle reflects a delicate balance of electrical, hydrodynamic and elastic stresses. This paper examines the displacement of a single charged spherical inclusion embedded in an uncharged hydrogel. We present numerically exact solutions of coupled electrokinetic transport and elastic-deformation equations, where the gel is treated as an incompressible, elastic Brinkman medium. This model problem demonstrates how the displacement depends on the particle size and charge, the electrolyte ionic strength, and Youngs modulus of the polymer skeleton. The numerics are verified, in part, with an analytical (boundary-layer) theory valid when the Debye length is much smaller than the particle radius. Further, we identify a close connection between the displacement when a colloid is immobilized in a gel and its velocity when dispersed in a Newtonian electrolyte. Finally, we describe an experiment where nanometer-scale displacements might be accurately measured using back-focal-plane interferometry. The purpose of such an experiment is to probe physicochemical and rheological characteristics of hydrogel composites, possibly during gelation.
قيم البحث
اقرأ أيضاً
The electrostatic potential profile of a spherical soft particle is derived by solving the Poisson-Boltzmann equations on a spherical system both numerically and analytically. The soft particle is assumed to consist of an ion-permeable charged outer
layer and a non-permeable charged core with constant charged density. The contribution of the core to the potential profile is calculated for different charges and dielectric constants. Our results show that the charged core heavily influences the local potential within the soft particle. In contrast, the potential distribution outside the particle in the salt solution is found to be weakly dependent on the core features. These findings are consistent with previous experiments showing the minor impact of the core of the MS2 virus on its overall electrical properties. Our studies also indicate that while a change in temperature from 290 K to 310 K only slightly varies the potential, the ionic strength in the range of 1-600 mM has a significant effect on the potential profile. Our studies would provide good understanding for experimental research in the field of biophysics and nanomedicine.
Snapping of a slender structure is utilized in a wide range of natural and man-made systems, mostly to achieve rapid movement without relying on muscle-like elements. Although several mechanisms for elastic energy storage and rapid release have been
studied in detail, a general understanding of the approach to design such a kinetic system is a key challenge in mechanics. Here we study a twist-driven buckling and fast flip dynamics of a geometrically constraint ribbon by combining experiments, numerical simulations, and analytical theory. We identify two distinct types of shape transitions; a narrow ribbon snaps, whereas a wide ribbon forms a pair of localized helices. We construct a phase diagram and explain the origin of the boundary, which is determined only by geometry. We quantify effects of gravity and clarify time scale dictating the rapid flipping. Our study reveals the unique role of geometric twist-bend coupling on the fast dynamics of a thin constrained structure, which has implications for a wide range of biophysical and applied physical problems.
Coarse-grained molecular-dynamics simulations were used to study the morphological changes induced in a Nafion$^{tiny textregistered}$-like ionomer by the imposition of a strong electric field. We observe the formation of novel structures aligned a
long the direction of the applied field. The polar head groups of the ionomer side chains aggregate into clusters, which then form rod-like formations which assemble into a hexatic array aligned with the direction of the field. Occasionally these lines of sulfonates and protons form a helical structure. Upon removal of the electric field, the hexatic array of rod-like structures persists, and has a lower calculated free energy than the original isotropic morphology.
Understanding how electrolyte solutions behave out of thermal equilibrium is a long-standing endeavor in many areas of chemistry and biology. Although mean-field theories are widely used to model the dynamics of electrolytes, it is also important to
characterize the effects of fluctuations in these systems. In a previous work, we showed that the dynamics of the ions in a strong electrolyte that is driven by an external electric field can generate long-ranged correlations manifestly different from the equilibrium screened correlations; in the nonequilibrium steady state, these correlations give rise to a novel long-range fluctuation-induced force (FIF). Here, we extend these results by considering the dynamics of the strong electrolyte after it is quenched from thermal equilibrium upon the application of a constant electric field. We show that the asymptotic long-distance limit of both charge and density correlations is generally diffusive in time. These correlations give rise to long-ranged FIFs acting on the neutral confining plates with long-time regimes that are governed by power-law temporal decays toward the steady-state value of the force amplitude. These findings show that nonequilibrium fluctuations have nontrivial implications on the dynamics of objects immersed in a driven electrolyte, and they could be useful for exploring new ways of controlling long-distance forces in charged solutions.
We show that the electric field driven surface instability of visco-elastic films has two distinct regimes: (1) The visco-elastic films behaving like a liquid display long wavelengths governed by applied voltage and surface tension, independent of it
s elastic storage and viscous loss moduli, and (2) the films behaving like a solid require a threshold voltage for the instability whose wavelength always scales as ~ 4 x film thickness, independent of its surface tension, applied voltage, loss and storage moduli. Wavelength in a narrow transition zone between these regimes depends on the storage modulus.
سجل دخول لتتمكن من نشر تعليقات
التعليقات
جاري جلب التعليقات
سجل دخول لتتمكن من متابعة معايير البحث التي قمت باختيارها
