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Active liquid crystals or active gels are soft materials which can be physically realised e.g. by preparing a solution of cytoskeletal filaments interacting with molecular motors. We study the hydrodynamics of an active liquid crystal in a slab-like geometry with various boundary conditions, by solving numerically its equations of motion via lattice Boltzmann simulations. In all cases we find that active liquid crystals can sustain spontaneous flow in steady state contrarily to their passive counterparts, and in agreement with recent theoretical predictions. We further find that conflicting anchoring conditions at the boundaries lead to spontaneous flow for any value of the activity parameter, while with unfrustrated anchoring at all boundaries spontaneous flow only occurs when the activity exceeds a critical threshold. We finally discuss the dynamic pathway leading to steady state in a few selected cases.
We report hybrid lattice Boltzmann (HLB) simulations of the hydrodynamics of an active nematic liquid crystal sandwiched between confining walls with various anchoring conditions. We confirm the existence of a transition between a passive phase and a
Collective behaviour in suspensions of microswimmers is often dominated by the impact of long-ranged hydrodynamic interactions. These phenomena include active turbulence, where suspensions of pusher bacteria at sufficient densities exhibit large-scal
Active matter describes materials whose constituents are driven out of equilibrium by continuous energy consumption, for instance from ATP. Due to the orientable character of the constituents, active suspensions can attain liquid crystalline order an
Previous theoretical studies of calamitic (i.e., rod-like) ionic liquid crystals (ILCs) based on an effective one-species model led to indications of a novel smectic-A phase with a layer spacing being much larger than the length of the mesogenic (i.e
We consider an off-lattice liquid crystal pair potential in strictly two dimensions. The potential is purely repulsive and short-ranged. Nevertheless, by means of a single parameter in the potential, the system is shown to undergo a first-order phase