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We propose an experimental setup that is capable of unambiguously discriminating any pair of linearly independent single photon polarization qubits, about which we dont have any knowledge except that an extra pair of these unknown states are provided as the reference. This setup, which is constructed with optical CNOT gates, weak cross Kerr non-linearities, Bell state analysers and other linear optical elements, transforms the unknown triple photon input states to the corresponding single photon states to be deterministically processed by linear optics circuit. The optimal discrimination of the unknown states is achieved by this setup.
The high-precision interferometric measurement of an unknown phase is the basis for metrology in many areas of science and technology. Quantum entanglement provides an increase in sensitivity, but present techniques have only surpassed the limits of
The quantum degeneracy point approach [D. Vion et al., Science 296, 886 (2002)] effectively protects superconducting qubits from low-frequency noise that couples with the qubits as transverse noise. However, low-frequency noise in superconducting qub
The Eastin-Knill theorem states that no quantum error correcting code can have a universal set of transversal gates. For self-dual CSS codes that can implement Clifford gates transversally it suffices to provide one additional non-Clifford gate, such
The well-known algorithm for quantum phase estimation requires that the considered unitary is available as a conditional transformation depending on the quantum state of an ancilla register. We present an algorithm converting an unknown n-qubit pair-
We report high-fidelity laser-beam-induced quantum logic gates on magnetic-field-insensitive qubits comprised of hyperfine states in $^{9}$Be$^+$ ions with a memory coherence time of more than 1 s. We demonstrate single-qubit gates with error per gat