Inspired by the `computable cross norm or `realignment criterion, we propose a new point of view about the characterization of the states of bipartite quantum systems. We consider a Schmidt decomposition of a bipartite density operator. The correspon
ding Schmidt coefficients, or the associated symmetric polynomials, are regarded as quantities that can be used to characterize bipartite quantum states. In particular, starting from the realignment criterion, a family of necessary conditions for the separability of bipartite quantum states is derived. We conjecture that these conditions, which are weaker than the parent criterion, can be strengthened in such a way to obtain a new family of criteria that are independent of the original one. This conjecture is supported by numerical examples for the low dimensional cases. These ideas can be applied to the study of quantum channels, leading to a relation between the rate of contraction of a map and its ability to preserve entanglement.
We introduce a weak form of the realignment separability criterion which is particularly suited to detect continuous-variable entanglement and is physically implementable (it requires linear optics transformations and homodyne detection). Moreover, w
e define a family of states, called Schmidt-symmetric states, for which the weak realignment criterion reduces to the original formulation of the realignment criterion, making it even more valuable as it is easily computable especially in higher dimensions. Then, we focus in particular on Gaussian states and introduce a filtration procedure based on noiseless amplification or attenuation, which enhances the entanglement detection sensitivity. In some specific examples, it does even better than the original realignment criterion.
The Alberti-Ulhmann criterion states that any given qubit dichotomy can be transformed into any other given qubit dichotomy by a quantum channel if and only if the testing region of the former dichotomy includes the testing region of the latter dicho
tomy. Here, we generalize the Alberti-Ulhmann criterion to the case of arbitrary number of qubit or qutrit states. We also derive an analogous result for the case of qubit or qutrit measurements with arbitrary number of elements. We demonstrate the possibility of applying our criterion in a semi-device independent way.
By combining a parameterized Hermitian matrix, the realignment matrix of the bipartite density matrix $rho$ and the vectorization of its reduced density matrices, we present a family of separability criteria, which are stronger than the computable cr
oss norm or realignment (CCNR) criterion. With linear contraction methods, the proposed criteria can be used to detect the multipartite entangled states that are biseparable under any bipartite partitions. Moreover, we show by examples that the presented multipartite separability criteria can be more efficient than the corresponding multipartite realignment criterion based on CCNR, multipartite correlation tensor criterion and multipartite covariance matrix criterion.
We established a physically utilizable Bell inequality based on the Peres-Horodecki criterion. The new quadratic probabilistic Bell inequality naturally provides us a necessary and sufficient way to test all entangled two-qubit or qubit-qutrit states
including the Werner states and the maximally entangled mixed states.