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تسجيل مستخدم جديدFueling the central engine of radio galaxies. I. The molecular/dusty disk of 4C 31.04
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We report the detection of a massive (M(gas) > 5x10^9 Msun) molecular/dusty disk of 1.4kpc-size fueling the central engine of the Compact Symmetric Object (CSO) 4C31.04 based on high-resolution (0.5--1.2) observations done with the IRAM Plateau de Bure interferometer (PdBI). These observations allow for the first time to detect and map the continuum emission from dust at 218GHz in the disk of a CSO. The case for a massive disk is confirmed by the detection of strong HCO+(1--0) line emission and absorption. The molecular gas mass of 4C31.04 is in the range 0.5x10^10--5x10^10Msun. While the distribution and kinematics of the gas correspond roughly to those of a rotating disk, we find evidence of distortions and non-circular motions suggesting that the disk is not in a dynamically relaxed state. We discuss the implications of these results for the general understanding of the evolution of radio galaxies.
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Aims. We investigate the different manifestations of AGN feedback in the evolved, powerful radio source 3C293 and their impact on the molecular gas of its host galaxy, which harbors young star-forming regions and fast outflows of HI and ionized gas.
Methods. We study the distribution and kinematics of the molecular gas of 3C293 using high spatial resolution observations of the CO(1-0) and CO(2-1) lines, and the 3 and 1mm continuum taken with the IRAM PdBI. We mapped the molecular gas of 3C293 and compared it with the dust and star-formation images of the host. We searched for signatures of outflow motions in the CO kinematics, and reexamined the evidence of outflowing gas in the HI spectra. We also derived the star formation rate (SFR) and efficiency (SFE) of the host with all available SFR tracers from the literature, and compared them with the SFE of young and evolved radio galaxies and normal star-forming galaxies. Results. The CO(1-0) emission line shows that the molecular gas in 3C293 is distributed along a massive (2.2E10 Msun) warped disk with diameter of 21 kpc that rotates around the AGN. Our data show that the dust and the star formation are clearly associated with the CO disk. The CO(2-1) emission is located in the inner 7 kpc (diameter) region around the AGN, coincident with the inner part of the CO(1-0) disk. Both the CO(1-0) and CO(2-1) spectra reveal the presence of an absorber against the central regions of 3C293 that is associated with the disk. We do not detect any fast (>500 km/s) outflow motions in the cold molecular gas. The host of 3C293 shows an SFE consistent with the Kennicutt-Schmidt law. The apparently low SFE of evolved radio galaxies may be caused by an underestimation of the SFR and/or an overestimation of the molecular gas densities in these sources. We find no signatures of AGN feedback in the molecular gas of 3C293.
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viously identified an extreme HI outflow in this source. Methods: The IRAM PdBI has been used to study the distribution and kinematics of molecular gas in 3C236 by imaging with high spatial resolution the emission of the 12CO(2-1) line in the nucleus of the galaxy. We have searched for outflow signatures in the CO map. We have also derived the SFR in 3C236 using data available from the literature at UV, optical and IR wavelengths, to determine the star-formation efficiency of molecular gas. Results: The CO emission in 3C236 comes from a spatially resolved 2.6 kpc disk with a regular rotating pattern. Within the limits imposed by the sensitivity and velocity coverage of the CO data, we do not detect any outflow signatures in the cold molecular gas. The disk has a cold gas mass M(H2)~2.1x10^9 Msun. We determine a new value for the redshift of the source zCO=0.09927. The similarity between the CO and HI profiles indicates that the deep HI absorption in 3C236 can be accounted for by a rotating HI structure, restricting the evidence of HI outflow to the most extreme velocities. In the light of the new redshift, the analysis of the ionized gas kinematics reveals a 1000 km/s outflow. As for the CO emitting gas, outflow signatures are nevertheless absent in the warm molecular gas emission traced by infrared H2 lines. The star-formation efficiency in 3C236 is consistent with the value measured in normal galaxies, which follow the canonical KS-law. This result, confirmed to hold in other young radio sources examined in this work, is in stark contrast with the factor of 10-50 lower SFE that seems to characterize evolved powerful radio galaxies.
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