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Zero-divisors (ZDs) derived by Cayley-Dickson Process (CDP) from N-dimensional hypercomplex numbers (N a power of 2, at least 4) can represent singularities and, as N approaches infinite, fractals -- and thereby,scale-free networks. Any integer greater than 8 and not a power of 2 generates a meta-fractal or Sky when it is interpreted as the strut constant (S) of an ensemble of octahedral vertex figures called Box-Kites (the fundamental building blocks of ZDs). Remarkably simple bit-manipulation rules or recipes provide tools for transforming one fractal genus into others within the context of Wolframs Class 4 complexity.
Zero-divisors (ZDs) derived by Cayley-Dickson Process (CDP) from N-dimensional hypercomplex numbers (N a power of 2, at least 4) can represent singularities and, as N approaches infinite, fractals -- and thereby,scale-free networks. Any integer great
In this paper, the Teichm{u}ller spaces of surfaces appear from two points of views: the conformal category and the hyperbolic category. In contrast to the case of surfaces of topologically finite type, the Teichm{u}ller spaces associated to surfaces
From a commutative associative algebra $A$, the infinite dimensional unital 3-Lie Poisson algebra~$mathfrak{L}$~is constructed, which is also a canonical Nambu 3-Lie algebra, and the structure of $mathfrak{L}$ is discussed. It is proved that: (1) the
In this paper, we introduce a new graph whose vertices are the nonzero zero-divisors of commutative ring $R$ and for distincts elements $x$ and $y$ in the set $Z(R)^{star}$ of the nonzero zero-divisors of $R$, $x$ and $y$ are adjacent if and only if
In string bit models, the superstring emerges as a very long chain of bits, in which s fermionic degrees of freedom contribute positively to the ground state energy in a way to exactly cancel the destabilizing negative contributions of d=s bosonic de