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We study higher derivative terms associated with scalar field cosmology. We consider a coupling between the scalar field and the geometry inspired by the Pais-Uhlenbeck oscillator, given by $alphapartial_{mu}partial^{mu}phipartial_{ u}partial^{ u}phi.$ We investigate the cosmological dynamics in a phase space. For $alpha>0$, we provide conditions for the stability of de Sitter solutions. In this case the crossing of the phantom divide $w_{DE}=-1$ occurs once; thereafter, the equation of state parameter remains under this line, asymptotically reaching towards the de Sitter solution from below. For $alpha<0,$ which is the portion of the parameter space where in addition to crossing the phantom divide, cyclic behavior is possible, we present regions in the parameter space where, according to Smilgas classification the ghost has benign or malicious behavior.
We give a simple discussion of ghosts, unitarity violation, negative norm states and quantum vs classical behavior in the simplest model with four derivative action - the Pais-Uhlenbeck oscillator. We also point out that the normalizable vacuum state
We investigate the cosmological applications of $F(T,T_G)$ gravity, which is a novel modified gravitational theory based on the torsion invariant $T$ and the teleparallel equivalent of the Gauss-Bonnet term $T_{G}$. $F(T,T_{G})$ gravity differs from
We study a metric cubic gravity theory considering odd-parity modes of linear inhomogeneous perturbations on a spatially homogeneous Bianchi type I manifold close to the isotropic de Sitter spacetime. We show that in the regime of small anisotropy, t
Along this review, we focus on the study of several properties of modified gravity theories, in particular on black-hole solutions and its comparison with those solutions in General Relativity, and on Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker metrics. The
We investigate a cosmological model resulting from a dimensional reduction of the higher-dimensional dRGT massive gravity. By using the Kaluza-Klein dimensional reduction, we obtain an effective four-dimensional massive gravity theory with a scalar f