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تسجيل مستخدم جديدPDE estimates for multi-dimensional KPZ equation
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تأليف
Jeremie Unterberger
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We study in this series of articles the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation $$ partial_t h(t,x)= uDelta h(t,x)+lambda V(| abla h(t,x)|) +sqrt{D}, eta(t,x), qquad xin{mathbb{R}}^d $$ in $dge 1$ dimensions. The forcing term $eta$ in the right-hand side is a regularized white noise. The deposition rate $V$ is assumed to be isotropic and convex. Assuming $V(0)ge 0$, one finds $V(| abla h|)ltimes | abla h|^2$ for small gradients, yielding the equation which is most commonly used in the literature. The present article is dedicated to existence results and PDE estimates for the solution. Our results extend in a non-trivial way those previously obtained for the noiseless equation. We prove in particular a comparison principle for sub- and supersolutions of the KPZ equation in new functional spaces containing unbounded functions, implying existence and uniqueness. These new functional spaces made up of functions with locally bounded averages, generically called ${cal W}$-spaces thereafter, and which may be of interest for the study of parabolic equations in general, allow local or pointwise estimates. The comparison to the linear heat equation through a Cole-Hopf transform is an essential ingredient in the proofs, and our results are accordingly valid only for a function $V$ with at most quadratic growth at infinity.
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We study in this series of articles the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation $$ partial_t h(t,x)= uDelta h(t,x)+lambda V(| abla h(t,x)|) +sqrt{D}, eta(t,x), qquad xin{mathbb{R}}^d $$ in $dge 1$ dimensions. The forcing term $eta$ in the right-hand side
is a regularized white noise. The deposition rate $V$ is assumed to be isotropic and convex. Assuming $V(0)ge 0$, one finds $V(| abla h|)ltimes | abla h|^2$ for small gradients, yielding the equation which is most commonly used in the literature. The present article, a continuation of [24], is dedicated to a generalization of the PDE estimates obtained in the previous article to the case of a deposition rate $V$ with polynomial growth of arbitrary order at infinity, for which in general the Cole-Hopf transformation does not allow any more a comparison to the heat equation. The main tool here instead is the representation of $h$ as the solution of some minimization problem through the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman formalism. This sole representation turns out to be powerful enough to produce local or pointwise estimates in ${cal W}$-spaces of functions with locally bounded averages, as in [24], implying in particular global existence and uniqueness of solutions.
We study in the present article the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation $$ partial_t h(t,x)= uDelta h(t,x)+lambda | abla h(t,x)|^2 +sqrt{D}, eta(t,x), qquad (t,x)inmathbb{R}_+timesmathbb{R}^d $$ in $dge 3$ dimensions in the perturbative regime, i.e. f
or $lambda>0$ small enough and a smooth, bounded, integrable initial condition $h_0=h(t=0,cdot)$. The forcing term $eta$ in the right-hand side is a regularized space-time white noise. The exponential of $h$ -- its so-called Cole-Hopf transform -- is known to satisfy a linear PDE with multiplicative noise. We prove a large-scale diffusive limit for the solution, in particular a time-integrated heat-kernel behavior for the covariance in a parabolic scaling. The proof is based on a rigorous implementation of K. Wilsons renormalization group scheme. A double cluster/momentum-decoupling expansion allows for perturbative estimates of the bare resolvent of the Cole-Hopf linear PDE in the small-field region where the noise is not too large, following the broad lines of Iagolnitzer-Magnen. Standard large deviation estimates for $eta$ make it possible to extend the above estimates to the large-field region. Finally, we show, by resumming all the by-products of the expansion, that the solution $h$ may be written in the large-scale limit (after a suitable Galilei transformation) as a small perturbation of the solution of the underlying linear Edwards-Wilkinson model ($lambda=0$) with renormalized coefficients $ u_{eff}= u+O(lambda^2),D_{eff}=D+O(lambda^2)$.
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